不同施肥管理对三峡库区柑橘园土壤养分动态的影响  

Effects of different fertilization management on soil nutrient dynamic of citrus orchard in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：王晓荣[1] 付甜[1] 唐万鹏[1] 崔鸿侠[1] 胡文杰[1] WANG Xiao-rong;FU Tian;TANG Wan-peng;CUI Hong-xia;HU Wen-jie(Forestry Institute of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430075,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省林业科学研究院,武汉430075

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2021年第8期63-69,共7页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC050530602,2017YFC050530304);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(鄂[2020]TG05)。

摘　　要：以三峡库区典型施肥管理柑橘园为研究对象,研究水肥一体化施肥、常规施肥、混合施肥等施肥管理方式对柑橘园土壤养分动态的影响。结果表明,该区域柑橘园土壤呈酸性,属于适宜柑橘生长土质。在0~10 cm土层,水肥一体化施肥柑橘园土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于混合施肥和常规施肥,各施肥管理措施柑橘园间10~30 cm土层土壤养分指标均未见显著性差异。相比4月,7月不同施肥管理类型柑橘园的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量呈降低趋势,而碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量则呈上升趋势。水肥一体化施肥可以保持土壤养分的较高等级,而常规施肥柑橘园土壤养分仍相对缺乏,过量施肥未能够持续提升土壤养分含量。未来对于常规柑橘园应减少化肥施用并增加有机肥的投入,并采用少量多次增加施肥次数以保持充足的有效养分。同时,加强建设生草覆盖、植物篱等水土保持措施,减少养分地表流失和地下淋溶,以降低面源污染发生的风险。The citrus orchard in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area was choose as a research object to detect the effects of different fertilization management approaches such as integrated fertilization with water and fertilizer,traditional fertilization,mixed fertilizer fertilization on soil nutrient dynamics.The results showed that it was acidic soil in citrus orchard that suitable for citrus growth.In 0~10 cm soil layer,the organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content under integrated fertilization with water and fertilizer management were significantly higher than those under traditional fertilization and mixed fertilization management.In 10~30 cm layer,the soil nutrients were no significant different among the three fertilization measures in citrus orchard.Compared to soil nutrients in April,the soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium content under different fertilization managements were lower in July,while the available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content were higher.The results indicated that the integrated fertilization with water and fertilizer can maintain the soil nutrient in a high level,while the soil under traditional fertilization was still lack of nutrient content which meand the excessive fertilization can not improve the soil nutrient consistently.In the future,applying organic fertilizer with low intensity and high frequency will be an effective way to keep enough available nutrients in citrus orchard.At the same time,soil and water conservation measures,such as grass cover and hedgerows,should be strengthened to reduce the loss of nutrients on the surface and underground leaching,so as to reduce the risk of non-point source pollution.

关 键 词：三峡库区 柑橘园 施肥方法 土壤养分动态 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S666.4[农业科学—农艺学]