宁夏枸杞采摘人员骨骼肌肉系统健康现况及影响因素  

Cross-sectional survey on musculoskeletal disorders and related factors of wolfberry harvesters in Ningxia

作　　者：陈继芬 丁润梅 贺子欣 王媚琳 田大年 杨惠芳 CHEN Jifen;DING Runmei;HE Zixin;WANG Meilin;TIAN Danian;YANG Huifang(College of Public Health and Management,Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750000,China;College of Basic Medical Sciences,Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750000,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学公共卫生与管理学院,银川宁夏750000 [2]宁夏医科大学基础学院,银川宁夏750000

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2021年第3期266-271,共6页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03120)。

摘　　要：[背景]枸杞是宁夏主导产业。在促进农民增收的同时,由于不良劳作姿势和高强度重复性动作,枸杞采摘工作可能对采摘者健康状况造成影响。[目的]了解宁夏枸杞采摘者工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的发生情况,并分析其影响因素。[方法]2018年8—10月,采取整群随机抽样的方法,在枸杞种植比较集中的宁夏中宁、同心两县的6个乡镇,在每个乡镇随机抽取的1~2个村庄中随机抽取500名枸杞采摘者作为调查对象,采用美国“农业健康调查”问卷及北欧肌肉骨骼疾患问卷进行问卷调查,收集采摘者的一般人口学特征、生活习惯、作业特征以及WMSDs的发生情况(确诊与自诉不适症状)的信息,应用logistic回归模型筛选WMSDs的影响因素。[结果]回收有效问卷482份(96.4%)。枸杞采摘者WMSDs发生率为92.5%(446/482)。其中,已确诊WMSDs的有170人,占35.3%(170/482);自诉出现全身或局部骨骼肌肉疼痛不适症状人员有276人,占未确诊人群的88.5%(276/312)。多因素分析结果显示:本地居住年限越长(OR=1.994,95%CI:1.110~3.581)、吸烟(OR=3.990,95%CI:1.004~15.868)的枸杞采摘者WMSDs发生率较高,而对农药种类较为了解(OR=0.252,95%CI:0.104~0.611)、文化程度越高(OR=0.626,95%CI:0.405~0.966)的枸杞采摘者WMSDs发生率较低。[结论]宁夏枸杞采摘人员WMSDs发生率较高,其文化程度、本地居住年限、吸烟以及对农药种类了解情况是WMSDs的影响因素。[Background]Wolfberry industry is one of the leading industries in Ningxia.While promoting farmers'income,awkward working postures and high-intensity repetitive picking task adversely affect the health of pickers.[Objective]This study investigates the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)in wolfberry harvesters in Ningxia,and analyzes its potential influencing factors.[Methods]From August to October 2018,a cluster random sampling method was adopted to select 500 wolfberry harvesters as study subjects from 1-2 villages from each of the 6 townships of Zhongning and Tongxin counties in Ningxia where wolfberry cultivation was most concentrated.The general demographic variables,living habits,working characteristics,and WMSDs occurrence of the wolfberry harvesters were collected through the US Agricultural Health Study Questionnaire and the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire.Logistic regression models were adopted to identify the potential influencing factors of WMSDs.[Results]A total of 482 valid questionnaires were returned(96.4%).The prevalence of WMSDs among the wolfberry harvesters was 92.5%(446/482).Among them,170 workers had a confirmed hospital diagnosis of WMSDs,accounting for 35.3%(170/482)of total respondents,and 276 workers were not diagnosed but self-reported having symptoms of general or local musculoskeletal pain and discomfort,accounting for 88.5%(276/312)of the workers without a WMSDs diagnosis.The results of multiple analysis showed that the wolfberry harvesters with longer local residence time(OR=1.994,95%CI:1.110-3.581)and smokers(OR=3.990,95%CI:1.004-15.868)had a higher WMSDs prevalence rate,while those who well knew about the types of pesticides(OR=0.252,95%CI:0.104-0.611)and who had higher levels of education(OR=0.626,95%CI:0.405-0.966)had a lower WMSDs prevalence rate.[Conclusion]The findings show a relatively high prevalence of WMSDs in wolfberry harvesters,and education level,length of local residence,smoking,and knowledge of pesticide types are t

关 键 词：枸杞采摘工 工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患 美国“农业健康调查”问卷 北欧肌肉骨骼疾患问卷 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]