基于超声定位的火器贯穿伤标准化动物损伤模型的构建  

Construction of standardized animal model for firearm penetration injuries based on ultrasound localization

作　　者：李振彩[1] 晁勇[2] 帅万钧[2] 乔龙学 李天然[3] LI Zhen-cai;CHAO Yong;SHUAI Wan-jun;QIAO Long-xue;LI Tian-ran(Department of Ultrasound,the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100037,China;Medical Support Center,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100048,China;Department of Radiology,the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院第四医学中心超声科,北京100037 [2]解放军总医院医疗保障中心,北京100048 [3]解放军总医院第四医学中心放射科,北京100037

出　　处：《医疗卫生装备》2021年第4期35-38,62,共5页Chinese Medical Equipment Journal

基　　金：国防科技委国防科技创新特区项目(17-163-15-XJ-001-002-02)。

摘　　要：目的:基于超声定位技术,构建一种模拟真实战场环境下的股动脉火器贯穿伤标准化动物损伤模型。方法:选择体质量指数与人体相当的10只长白猪作为实验对象,采用定制弹道步枪和欧盟制式子弹作为致伤武器,使用自制超声引导定位架作为辅助血管定位装置。采用超声探头定位实验动物左侧股动脉血管位置,利用超声引导定位架和致伤架将实验动物的股动脉血管中心调整至子弹弹道轨迹线上射击致伤。计算自由出血20 s实验动物体外失血量,测量实验动物体表弹道入口、出口处直径和体内弹道深度,并通过解剖观察股动脉受损情况。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析。结果:采用自制的超声引导定位架可以构建相对稳定的股动脉火器贯穿伤标准化动物损伤模型,成功率约90%(9/10);实验动物体表弹道入口平均直径为(7.20±1.03)mm,出口平均直径为(93.30±33.06)mm,两者相比具有明显统计学差异(t=-8.16,P=0.000);实验动物体内弹道平均深度为(191.80±25.50)mm;致伤20 s后死亡实验动物和存活实验动物的平均失血量分别为(478.00±267.48)和(111.50±45.32)g,两者相比没有统计学差异(t= -2.75,P=0.070)。结论:采用自制的超声引导定位架构建的股动脉火器贯穿伤标准化动物损伤模型成功率高、重复性好,且实验动物伤情稳定,可以为新型止血材料和止血装置的研制提供可靠的模型依据。Objective To construct a standardized animal model for femoral artery firearm penetration injuries in a virtual reality battlefield based on ultrasound localization techniques.Methods Ten landraces with a body mass index comparable to that of humans were selected as the experimental subjects.A customized ballistic rifle and an EU standard bullet were used as the wounding weapons,and a home-made ultrasound-guided positioning frame was employed as an auxiliary vascular positioning device.An ultrasound probe was applied to locating the left femoral artery vasculatures of the landraces,and the centers of the femoral artery vasculatures were adjusted to the ballistic trajectory of the bullet using the ultrasound-guided locating frame and the wounding frame to cause injury.The blood loss in vitro was calculated for 20 s of free bleeding,the diameters at the ballistic entrance and exit of the ballway on the body surface and the ballistic depth in vivo were measured,and the damage to the femoral artery was observed by autopsy.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software.Results A relatively stable standardized animal model of femoral artery firearm penetration injuries could be constructed using a home-made ultrasound-guided positioning frame with a success rate of about 90%(9/10);the mean diameter of the ballistic entrance on the body surface of the experimental animals was(7.20±1.03)mm and the mean diameter of the exit was(93.30±33.06)mm,which were statistically significantly different(t=-8.16,P=0.000);the mean ballistic depth in the experimental animals was(191.8±25.5)mm;the mean blood loss after 20 s of injury was(478.00±267.48)and(111.50±45.32)g in the dead and surviving experimental animals respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant(t=-2.75,P=0.070).Conclusion The standardized animal model of femoral artery firearm penetration injuries constructed using a home-made ultrasound-guided positioning frame has a high success rate,high repeatability and high stability of the expe

关 键 词：超声定位 股动脉 火器贯穿伤 动物损伤模型 止血 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]