打顶涂抹生长素对烤烟上部叶内源激素和光合作用的影响  

Effect of auxin application on topping wound on endogenous hormones and photosynthesis of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：刘一凡[1] 李淮源 单雪华 雷佳[3] 姚强 叶卫国 郭维 陈建军[1] LIU Yifan;LI Huaiyuan;SHAN Xuehua;LEI Jia;YAO Qiang;YE Weiguo;GUO Wei;CHEN Jianjun(Tobacco Research Laboratory,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642,China;Hengyang Tobacco Company of Hunan Province,Hengyang,Hunan 421001,China;China Tobacco Guangdong Industry Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510385,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学烟草研究室,广东广州510642 [2]湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司,湖南衡阳421001 [3]广东中烟工业有限责任公司,广东广州510385

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第4期47-54,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司科技项目“双喜品牌需求的优质上部烟叶关键生产技术的研究与示范”(201743040-024098);广东中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目“上部八片烟叶质量定位分析及其应用技术方案”(2016440000340013)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨打顶涂抹生长素对烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum L.)上部叶内源激素调控和光合特性的影响,以探索调控上部烟叶生长的方法。[方法]以烤烟品种‘K326’为材料,设置了打顶涂抹0,25,50和100 mg/kg IAA 4个处理,分析其对烟叶内源激素含量和光合指标的影响。[结果]打顶涂抹生长素28 d是各处理上部叶IAA和IBA含量的峰值,涂抹50 mg/kg IAA可以显著提高烟叶上部叶IAA含量88.72%、IBA含量27.78%;各处理上部叶ABA含量均呈"双峰"趋势变化,峰值出现在14和28 d,涂抹50 mg/kg IAA可以显著降低ABA含量19.56%;涂抹生长素7 d后烤烟上部叶SA含量达峰值,涂抹50 mg/kg IAA可以显著提高SA含量122.75%;涂抹50 mg/kg IAA可以显著提高烟叶上部叶净光合速率63.99%,气孔导度23.17%,蒸腾速率44.97%,IAA含量与净光合速率显著正相关,IBA含量与净光合速率、气孔导度显著正相关,ABA含量与气孔导度极显著负相关。涂抹50 mg/kgIAA 35 d后烤烟上部叶的叶长、叶宽、开片度和叶面积分别显著增加5.55%,11.27%,5.5%和17.4%。[结论]打顶涂抹50 mg/kg IAA可以平衡烤烟上部叶各内源激素含量,延缓烟叶衰老,加强光合物质的产生和积累,有利于上部叶开片。[Objective] This study explored the effects of topping and auxin application on regulation of endogenous hormones and photosynthetic characteristics in upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.) to explore methods for regulating growth of upper tobacco leaves.[Method] The flue-cured tobacco variety ‘K326’ was planted and four treatments with topping and smearing concentrations of 0,25,50 and 100 mg/kg auxin were set up to analyze its effect on endogenous hormone contents and photosynthetic indexes.[Result] Peak values of IAA and IBA contents in upper leaves of each treatment were obtained after 28 d.By applying 50 mg/kg IAA,IAA content was significantly increased by 88.72% and IBA content was increased by 27.78%.ABA content of upper leaves of each treatment showed a "double peak" trend change, and peaks appeared at 14 and 28 d.Applying 50 mg/kg IAA significantly reduced ABA content by 19.56%.The peak of SA content appeared after 7 d.Applying 50 mg/kg IAA significantly increased SA content by 122.75%,net photosynthetic rate by 63.99%,stomatal conductance by 23.17%,and transpiration rate by 44.97%.IAA content was significantly and positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate, IBA content was significantly and positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, and ABA content had extremely negative correlation with stomatal conductance.After 35 d of applying 50 mg/kg IAA,leaf length, leaf width, opening degree and leaf area of flue-cured tobacco leaves increased significantly by 5.55%,11.27%,5.5% and 17.4%,respectively.[Conclusion] Applying 50 mg/kg auxin on topping wound could balance contents of endogenous hormones in upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco, delay senescence of tobacco leaves, strengthen production and accumulation of photosynthetic substances, and facilitate opening of upper leaves.

关 键 词：烤烟 打顶涂抹生长素 内源激素调控 光合作用 

分 类 号：S572.04[农业科学—烟草工业]