《大越史记全书》的评论与改编:从《越史标案》到《大越史记前编》  

Comment and Adaptation of Dai Viet s?ky toan thu:from Viet su tieu an to Dai Viet su ky tien bien

作　　者：叶少飞[1] YE Shaofei

机构地区：[1]红河学院越南研究中心

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2021年第2期116-140,157,158,共27页South and Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：2018年国家社科基金重大项目“越南汉喃文献整理与古代中越关系研究”(项目编号:18ZDA208)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1697年《大越史记全书》的完稿与刻印,标志着中兴黎朝官方史学体系的确立,官员学者继而对其改编、评论,产生了一系列史学著作,其中黎贵惇作《国史续编》,阮俨作《越史备览》,阮辉删成《国史纂要》,供教学之用。吴时仕的《越史标案》发覆最多,对越南的国家起源、自主王朝的历史以及与中国的关系重做评论,体现了"我越"的文化主体性,对《大越史记全书》原有的史论观点产生了很大的冲击。之后吴时仕之子吴时任为西山阮朝国史总裁,以《大越史记全书》为叙史主干,以家藏《越史标案》为史论主体,又综合采纳黎文休、吴士连、阮俨的史论,于1800年编成并刻印《大越史记前编》,吴时仕和阮俨的私家史学遂得居官修史书之列。《大越史记前编》是继《大越史记全书》之后,以官方力量整合既有的越史著作,重塑越南历史文化的重要举措,在越南史学发展中具有重大意义和价值。1802年阮朝建立之后,鉴于黎末郑氏主政以及西山阮朝篡逆的情况,对这两个时代的史书进行清理。在前代史书基础上修成的《大越史记前编》被弃,但其部分思想观点被阮朝国史馆新修的《钦定越史通鉴纲目》所继承。关于《大越史记全书》的评论和改编,体现了越南古代史学发展的路径与思想,是越南古代历史文化的重要组成部分。In 1697,Dai Viet su ky toan thu was compiled and printed,which means the establishment of official history system in Le trung hung dynasty.Officials and scholars then adapated and commented on it,which resulted in a series of historical books,such as Quoc su tuc bien of Le Quy Don,Viet su bi lam of Nguyen Nghiem,Quoc su soan yeu of Nguyen Huy Oanh.Among them,Ngo Thi Si’s Viet su tieu an made most breakthroughs,re-commenting on the national origin of Vietnam,the history of independent dynasty,and the relationship with China.It embodies the cultural subjectivity of Vietnam,which has a great impact on the historical view of Dai Viet su ky toan thu.After that,his son Ngo Thi Nham served as the historian in Tay Son dynasty,using Dai Viet su ky toan thu as main body,and comprehensively incorporating historical theories of the above scholars,then compiled and engraved Dai Viet su ky tien bien in 1800.Dai Viet su ky tien bien is an important measure to integrate the existing history book with official power and reshape the national history of Vietnam after Dai Viet su ky toan thu.It has great significance and value in the development of Vietnamese historiography.In 1802,after the establishment of NguyenDynasty,history books of Le trung hung dynasty and Tay Son dynasty were revised.Dai Viet su ky tien bien was discarded,but some of its ideas were inherited by Kham dinh Viet su Thong giam cuong muc.The commentary and adaptation of Dai Viet su ky toan thu is an important part of history and culture of Vietnam,reflecting the path and ideas of ancient Vietnamese historiography’s development.

关 键 词：越南史学 《大越史记全书》 吴时仕 《越史标案》 《大越史记前编》 

分 类 号：K333.0[历史地理—历史学]