灌区蓝绿水资源与作物生产水足迹多时空分布量化分析  

Distributed quantification of blue and green water resources and water footprint of crop production in an irrigation district at multiple temporal scales

作　　者：高洁 吴普特 谢朋轩[1,2] 卓拉 Gao Jie;Wu Pute;Xie Pengxuan;Zhuo La(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区节水农业研究院,杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [4]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第5期105-112,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFF0215702)。

摘　　要：作物生产水足迹度量作物生产过程对不同类型水资源的消耗,为实现农业水资源管理与评价提供了更全面的新视角。该研究通过耦合土壤水分动态平衡模块,考虑输配水损失,构建灌区蓝、绿水资源与作物生产水足迹多时间尺度分布式量化模型;以宝鸡峡灌区为例,定量评价不同典型年灌区蓝绿水资源与作物生产水足迹多时间尺度演变规律。结果表明:宝鸡峡灌区蓝绿水资源总量在2008-2017年呈上升趋势。各作物对绿水资源利用效率均持续上升,而小麦蓝水资源利用效率呈下降趋势;玉米、小麦生产总水足迹整体呈上升趋势,多年平均值分别为573和779 m^(3)/t;作物生产绿水足迹在拔节-灌浆期占比较高,成熟期占比较低;作物生产水足迹在日尺度波动幅度最大;平水年、丰水年灌区用水存在不合理现象,枯水年作物生产单产水平最高,总水足迹最低,水资源利用效率最高。该研究所构建模型可移植适用于无排水渠系灌区水文模拟,准确量化灌区农业生产耗水,解析日-月尺度作物生产水足迹演变特征,有助于明确灌区作物耗水规律,进而高效利用绿水资源,合理配置蓝水资源,提高作物产量,实现高效生产。Water resources management in irrigation districts is important to ensure food security.The current water resources management in China focuses on underground water and surface water(i.e.blue water),and precipitation(green water).However,most studies are on large scale such as global or basin scales and few are on irrigation district scale.The aim of this paper was to quantify and evaluate the consumption of different types of water resources in the irrigation district by the concept of water footprint(WF).The maize and wheat production in the Baojixia Irrigation District of Shaanxi in China from 2008 to 2017 were selected as the case study.One hydrological station and two weather stations were included in the study area.Data of runoff,precipitation irrigation and soil-related physical properties were collected.A regional distributed hydrological model(Soil and Water Assessment Tool,SWAT)based on the hydrological cycle was established.The model was constructed by coupling with the soil water balance model and considering the water delivery losses of the irrigation canals.The blue and green water resources and WFs of crop production were quantified.The variability of the annual WFs of crops during the study period was analyzed,and the WFs of crops on daily and monthly scales were also analyzed in three typical years(dry,normal,wet).The runoff data was used to validate the SWAT model,and the MOD16 A2 GF Version 6 Evapotranspiration product(MOD 16)at a 500 m pixel resolution was used to verify the evapotranspiration simulation results.Then,the change of WF was analyzed.The results showed that the model could simulate well the runoff with the values of R2 of 0.74,Nash Efficiency Coefficient(NSE)of 0.69 during the calibration period.By validation,the model was still well and both the values of R2 and NSE were 0.51.It indicates that the model established in this study could accurately simulate the hydrological process in irrigation districts.During the period from 2008 to 2017,the blue and green water resources in Baoj

关 键 词：水资源 作物 模型 水足迹 蓝绿水 SWAT 多时间尺度 灌区 

分 类 号：S273[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV213[农业科学—农业工程]