树干液流及其主要影响因子对摘芽强度的响应  

Responses of tree stem sap flow and its main influencing factors to bud pruning

作　　者：李广德[1] 张亚雄 邓坦[4] 李豆豆 刘金强 贾黎明[3] 席本野[3] Li Guangde;Zhang Yaxiong;Deng Tan;Li Doudou;Liu Jinqiang;Jia Liming;Xi Benye(Faculty of Agriculture,Forestry and Medicine,The Open University of China,Beijing 100039,China;Gansu Forestry Polytechnic,Tianshui 741020,China;The Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Henan Institute of Forest Inventory and Planning,Zhengzhou 450045,China)

机构地区：[1]国家开放大学农林医药教学部,北京100039 [2]甘肃林业职业技术学院,天水741020 [3]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [4]河南省林业调查规划院,郑州450045

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第5期131-139,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0600403);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32001304、31800531、31670625);国家开放大学优秀青年教师培养计划。

摘　　要：为了探讨摘芽强度对树木液流变化特征及其主要环境调控因子的影响,为人工林及果园等高效抚育管理提供参考,该研究以毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)为研究对象,设置4种摘芽处理(不摘芽CK、轻度摘芽BP1.0、中度摘芽BP1.5、重度摘芽BP2.0),采用热扩散式液流检测技术,结合自动气象站,对造林后第2~3个生长季不同摘芽处理后的树干液流、环境因子等进行连续观测。结果表明:1)摘芽对树干液流速率日变化趋势无影响,晴天都呈"单峰型";2)摘芽对树干液流特征值影响显著,试验期间CK、BP1.0、BP1.5、BP2.0处理的液流速率平均值分别为1.405×10^(-3)、1.503×10^(-3)、1.462×10^(-3)、1.033×10^(-3)cm/s,BP2.0显著小于其他处理,CK、BP1.0、BP1.5之间无显著差异(P>0.05);3)影响不同时段、不同处理树干液流的主要环境因子不同,瞬时值日进程的影响因素为太阳辐射和饱和水汽压亏缺,白天及全天日均值的主要影响因子为太阳辐射和日空气温度最大值,夜间液流日均值的影响因子主要为日空气温度最小值和日平均相对湿度;4)不同摘芽强度下毛白杨幼林夜间液流占全天液流的5%~70%,夜间液流与白天及全天液流间呈显著负相关。因此,从促进植物水分生理活动的角度看,轻度和中度摘芽更合适。Stem sap flow rising through the xylem is an important physiological index to measure water use and transport of plants,and it can better reflect the plants transpiration and water metabolism process.Pruning buds after planting is a kind of economic and effective tending measure widely used in crops,economic forest,and timber trees.It can avoid a large number of lateral buds germination,promote plant growth,and improve the yield and quality of target products.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of bud pruning intensity on sap flow velocity characteristics and its main environmental factors of Populus tomentosa.Four treatments of bud pruning were designed.After afforestation in 2016,the buds below 1/3(1.0 m,BP1.0,mild),1/2(1.5 m,BP1.5,moderate)and 2/3(2.0 m,BP2.0,severe)of tree height were removed respectively.A control treatment(CK)without removing any buds was also designed.The sap flow velocity of P.tomentosa and environmental factors with different bud pruning intensities were continuously determined from August 2017 to June 2018 by using thermal diffusion flow detection technology and automatic weather station.The results showed that:1)The diurnal dynamics of sap flow velocity showed a single peak curve in sunny days,which increased rapidly from 5:30 to 9:40,reached the peak at 11:00 to 14:40 and then decreased gradually,and began to run at low value at night from 16:30 to 22:00.The shape of diurnal dynamic curve of sap flow was not affected by the bud pruning intensities.2)The effect of bud pruning intensity on peak value,daily average value and other characteristic values of sap flow velocity changed with time.No significant difference was found in the characteristic values of each treatment in the early stage of the experiment(August and September 2017).As time went on,the maximum values of daily and monthly average of sap flow velocity shifted from CK to BP1.0.The mean value of sap flow velocity was always the smallest under severe bud pruning(BP2.0).3)The effect of bud pruning on ave

关 键 词：蒸腾 环境 温度 耗水 液流 摘芽 毛白杨 

分 类 号：S792.117[农业科学—林木遗传育种]