低温厌氧发酵对奶牛养殖废水沉降特征的影响  

Influence of low-temperature anaerobic fermentation on sedimentation characteristics of dairy wastewater

作　　者：朱瑞清 牛永艳 毛婷 王治业[1] 杨涛[1] 季彬[1] 刘美玲 穆永松 白慧慧 Zhu Ruiqing;Niu Yongyan;Mao Ting;Wang Zhiye;Yang Tao;Ji Bin;Liu Meiling;Mu Yongsong;Bai Huihui(Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province,Institute of Biology,Gansu Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Northwest Institute of Ecological Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Gansu Huarui Agricultural Co.,Ltd.,Zhangye 734500,China;School of Life Science and Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省科学院生物研究所,甘肃省微生物资源开发利用重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州730000 [3]甘肃华瑞农业股份有限公司,张掖734500 [4]兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第5期224-230,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：甘肃省科学院应用研发项目(2018JK-04);甘肃省科学院产业化项目(2019CY-04);甘肃省自然科学基金(20JR10RA027)。

摘　　要：为了降低养殖废水处理成本,增加有机肥水在喷滴灌系统中的透过性能,该研究以不同低温(10~25℃)条件对奶牛养殖废水进行厌氧发酵处理,并与传统厌氧发酵进行比较分析研究。结果表明:低温(15℃)条件下驻留时间4 d进行厌氧发酵能够改变养殖废水的沉降特征,养殖废水出现分层沉降现象,上清液浊度为1.4,上清液沉降情况可以达到稳定状态,干物质含量在2.3%左右,75μm筛滤渣含量接近0%,可以通过喷灌滴灌系统;处理后的上清液CODCr降低至(2627.8±548.1)mg/L,总氮降低至(565.2±79.5)mg/L,粪大肠菌群降至360个/L,无害化程度达到国标要求。16S全长r RNA高通量测序结果显示,与传统颗粒状厌氧污泥207个otu相比,低温厌氧污泥中检测到199个otu,其中96个属于共有菌株,低温厌氧污泥菌群主要由厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)19.2%、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)18.9%、Caloacimonadota 21.2%、Verrucomicrobiota 10.6%和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)6.3%组成,种水平以Candidatus Cloacimonas为优势菌属;在颗粒状厌氧污泥中门水平以Campilobacterota为特有菌门,种水平以Sulfurovum为优势菌属。因此在寒冷地区低温(15℃)厌氧处理能够减少废水处理能耗,实现废水无害化、总养分循环、水肥一体化、水资源回收利用,为循环农业和可持续发展提供研究基础。Large volume of dairy wastewater has caused a great threat to the ecological environment,due to the difficulty to treat it.Traditional treatment requires more heating energy at the least temperature of 36℃.Alternatively,non-hazardous fertilizers are widely expected to treat wastewater,particularly easy soluble in water to transfer through dripping or spraying irrigation.However,the chemical fertilizers derived from wastewater contain many organic matters and nutrients,resulting in the blockage of spray nozzles.In this study,a feasible bio-treatment of dairy wastewater was proposed using the low-temperature anaerobic fermentation,thereby lowering energy consumption,while increasing the fluid permeability through dripping or spraying irrigation.The treated dairy wastewater was observed in the anaerobic fermentation at low temperatures(10-25℃)through an array of time points by no inoculants,as well as at a normal temperature of 36℃by inoculants of granular anaerobic sludges.A full-length 16 S rRNA gene sequencing was used to detect microbiological compositions.Response surface analysis was performed on fermentation parameters.The results showed that there was a significant influence of anaerobic fermentation under low temperature on the sediment characteristics of dairy wastewater.The sedimentation and layering performance of wastewater were significant under the condition of 9 days at 10℃,where the turbidity of supernatant was about 5.The most energy-efficient and economical condition was at 15℃in the 4 d for the low-temperature anaerobic treatment.There was an average energy saving of 2865 kW·h/d by l5℃anaerobic fermentation with ambient temperature around 7.8℃,compared with fermentation at 36℃.Low-temperature anaerobic fermentation changed the sedimentation characteristics of wastewater over a longer time but with equal quality,where supernatant CODCr was reduced to(2627.8±548.1)mg/L,nitrogen to(565.2±79.5)mg/L,fecal coliforms to around 360 g/L,the residue ratio of the dry filter by mesh diamet

关 键 词：发酵 有机质 浊度 低温厌氧 奶牛养殖废水 有机液肥 循环农业 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]