演化解释与《联合国海洋法公约》的发展——结合联合国BBNJ谈判议题的考察  

Evolutionary Interpretation and the Development of UNCLOS—With a Focus on the Issues of the UN BBNJ Negotiations

作　　者：秦天宝[1] 虞楚箫 QIN Tianbao;YU Chuxiao(Research Institute of Environmental Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期96-104,共9页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“整体系统观下生物多样性保护的法律规制研究”(19ZDA162)。

摘　　要：在一些情况下,缔约者会赋予某个条约术语一种随着时间而不断变化的含义,以应对条约缔结后出现的新情况。为了体现缔约者的这种意图,在解释一些条约术语时,应进行演化解释。在梳理演化解释的内涵、法理基础及使用要件的基础上,提出对《联合国海洋法公约》中的部分条款的解释是可以或有必要运用演化解释的。其中一个例证就是海洋科学研究这一术语的内涵。通过演化解释,《联合国海洋法公约》中与海洋科学研究有关的条款可以适用于BBNJ谈判的语境下,为国家管辖范围外海洋遗传资源获取与惠益分享的制度安排这一“新问题”提供法律选择。同时,演化解释也可能被运用到未来对BBNJ新文书部分条款的解释上。结合演化解释的使用要件,分析目前BBNJ谈判过程中有哪些因素在日后可能对BBNJ新文书中相关条款的解释产生影响。Under certain circumstances,the drafters of an international treaty may intend to give a treaty term an evolving meaning in order to adapt to new developments after the adoption of the treaty.So as to give effect to such an intention,certain treaty terms should be interpreted evolutively.This kind of treaty interpretation is called evolutionary interpretation.After delineating the nature,the legal basis of evolutionary interpretation and the elements to be considered when determining the relevancy of evolutionary interpretation,the paper concludes that certain treaty terms under UNCLOS can be or should be interpreted evolutively.One example is the term“marine scientific research”.By interpreting the meaning of this term evolotively,UNCLOS and its provisions concerning marine scientific research can be applied to the context of the BBNJ negotiations,and provide legal options for solving a“new problem”,namely the access and benefit sharing regime for marine genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction.At the same time,evolutionary interpretation may also have a role to play in interpreting certain provisions of the to-be-adopted BBNJ instrument.Based on the elements to be considered when determining the relevance of evolutionary interpretation,the paper analyzes the elements of the BBNJ negotiations that potentially affect the interpretation of the provisions under the BBNJ instrument.

关 键 词：演化解释 《联合国海洋法公约》 BBNJ谈判 海洋遗传资源获取与惠益分享 海洋科学研究 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]