倾斜输送式油菜割晒机铺放质量分析与试验  

Analysis and test of the laying quality of inclined transportation rape windrower

作　　者：关卓怀 江涛 李海同 吴崇友 张敏 王刚 沐森林 Guan Zhuohuai;Jiang Tao;Li Haitong;Wu Chongyou;Zhang Min;Wang Gang;Mu Senlin(Nanjing Institute for Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第4期59-68,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家油菜产业体系专项资助项目(CARS-13-10B);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(S202019);江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广项目(NJ2020-11)。

摘　　要：针对油菜切割输送铺放过程中分枝牵扯和架空导致侧向输送难、割幅内铺放空间小、铺放难的问题,该研究根据油菜倾斜输送原理,设计了倾斜输送式侧铺放油菜割晒机。结合茎秆顺畅迁移的几何条件和运动学条件分析了油菜茎秆切割输送铺放过程,确定了倾斜输送式油菜割晒机主要结构参数和工作参数,明确了铺放质量的影响要素为拨禾轮转速、输送带线速度和输送装置倾角。以铺放角度、上下层铺放角度差、铺放宽度变异系数和铺放高度变异系数为铺放质量评价指标开展了二次回归正交组合试验。结果表明,输送装置倾角对铺放质量的影响最显著,优化参数组合为拨禾轮转速35r/min,输送带线速度1.5m/s,输送装置倾角27°。田间试验结果表明,优化参数组合条件下,割晒油菜的平均铺放角为28.3°,上、下层铺放角度差为5.4°,铺放宽度变异系数为9.6%,铺放高度变异系数为8.6%,铺放损失率为0.73%;晾晒4 d后油菜茎秆含水率和籽粒含水率分别为47.9%和9.7%,相较晾晒前分别降低了35.1%和74.4%,有利于后续捡拾脱粒清选。倾斜输送式油菜割晒机可实现油菜的顺畅输送、整齐铺放和高质低损割晒,满足多熟制油菜分段收获需要。研究结果可为油菜割晒机结构改进提供参考。A combined windrower has widely been used for oilseed rape harvest in recent years.However,there is a limit laying space in the small windrower with a narrow swath.The side transmission is also difficult as a result of the tangled and lodged rape,particularly in the branch involvement overhead during cutting and conveying.In this study,a feasible mechanism of inclined transportation was proposed for the large-branch involvement in the oilseed rape,thereby a novel device of inclined transportation was designed for a rape windrower.An inclined windrower table was used for the large laying space of the rape stalk,thereby improving the transport capacity along the transverse direction.A systematic analysis was made on the process of cutting,transporting,and laying stalk in the inclined transportation of a rape windrower,according to the geometrical and kinematic conditions of the stem in the smooth migration.As such,the structural and performance parameters were determined,including the reel speed,conveyor belt speed,and conveyor angle.A field test was conducted to evaluate the laying quality of inclined transportation in a rape windrower.An optimization was made on the structural parameters of working parts to establish the constraint equations of operating parameters for the inclined transportation windrower.A quadratic regression orthogonal experiment was carried out to explore the interaction factors on the laying quality.The evaluation indices included the laying angle,the laying angle difference between the upper and lower floor,as well as the variation coefficient of laying width and height.The ranges of experimental factors were obtained,where the rotate speed of the reel was 26-38 r/min,the linear velocity of the conveyor was 1.4-1.8 m/s,and the conveyor angle was 10°-30°.Quadratic multivariate fitting regression and variance analysis were applied to clarify the influence of interaction factors on the performance of inclined transportation windrower.Results showed that the conveyor angle had the most signi

关 键 词：农业机械 试验 油菜 收获 割晒机 倾斜输送 侧铺放 铺放质量 

分 类 号：S225.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]