稻麦联合收割机降尘系统的设计与试验  

Design and test of dust suppression system for rice-wheat combine harvesters

作　　者：张勇川 吴崇友 蒋展 蒋兰 关卓怀 王刚 Zhang Yongchuan;Wu Chongyou;Jiang Zhan;Jiang Lan;Guan Zhuohuai;Wang Gang(Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;College of Engineering,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014 [2]安徽农业大学工学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第4期97-105,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中国农科院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2019-NIAM)。

摘　　要：稻麦联合收割机作业过程产生粉尘,影响操作者身体健康,同时造成环境污染。为了解粉尘产生状况及成分特性,该研究进行了稻麦联合收割机作业粉尘检测试验。在此试验基础上,设计了一种负压吸尘、滤筒集尘的稻麦联合收割机机载式降尘系统。该系统利用现有稻麦联合收割机动力,可随时更改风机工作参数,以满足多种田间工作条件。通过理论分析确定影响降尘系统工作效率的主要因素为收割机速度、风机转速和环境湿度,试验指标为割台、尾部降尘系统效率,开展三因素三水平试验,构建各因素和试验指标之间的数学回归模型。拟合和优化分析所得试验结果,得到最优参数组合为:收割机速度3.73 km/h,风机转速3507 r/min,环境湿度56%,此时,割台降尘系统效率为76.8%,尾部降尘系统效率为79.6%,对最优工作参数进行试验验证,验证优化最佳参数组合可行性,降尘系统在较难工作条件下满足降尘要求的最低风机转速为3332 r/min。该研究可为收割机降尘系统的设计提供依据。As a main grain production equipment,the combine wheat harvester plays an important role in grain production,and its technological development level is an important indicator of the degree of agricultural modernization.However,during the harvesting process,the working parts of the harvester interact with the crop to be harvested,so that the dust originally attached to the surface of the crop is disturbed and separated from the surface of the organism,forming floating and flying dust,some of which are scattered around the harvester,seriously affecting The driver’s body is healthy;some infected plants carry diseased dust,which is more harmful to the human body;more dust is dispersed in the air with the wind,causing a wider range of air pollution and increasing the amount of inhalable particles in the air.This has become one of the sources of air pollution during the crop harvest season.In order to understand the dust generation status and the characteristics of the dust composition,this paper first conducts the dust concentration and distribution test on the operation site of the combine wheat harvester.The result is as the header and tail of harvester are the main areas where dust is generated,Excessive dust mass concentration will harm the health of workers.The characteristics of the dust sample was tested results as follows:the proportions of dust with a particle size of 10 and 100μm or less are 45%and 92%,the dust is mostly composed of minerals,grease and carbohydrates.The dust measurement test revealed for the first time the dust generation and dust composition characteristics of combine wheat harvester operations in the rice-wheat(oil)rotation area in southern my country.On this basis,a dust suppression system installed on the combine wheat harvester was designed.The system adopts the working principle of negative pressure dust suction and filter cartridge dust collection.The system utilizes the power of the existing combine wheat harvester and can change the working parameters of the fan at any time to me

关 键 词：农业机械 设计 试验 粉尘特性 降尘系统 参数 

分 类 号：S225.31[农业科学—农业机械化工程]