柴达木盆地英雄岭构造带油气成藏模式  

Hydrocarbon accumulation mode of Yingxiongling structural belt in Qaidam Basin

作　　者：马新民[1] 吴武军[1] 石亚军[1] 徐丽[1] 郭佳佳 王兆兵 崔守凯 秦九妹 MA Xinmin;WU Wujun;SHI Yajun;XU Li;GUO Jiajia;WANG Zhaobing;CUI Shoukai;QIN Jiumei(PetroChina Northwest Branch of Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Lanzhou,Gansu 730020,China;PctroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company,Dunhuang,Gansu 736200,China;Qinghai Division of Pctrochina Logging Co.Ltd.,Dunhuang,Gansu 736200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]中国石油青海油田公司,甘肃敦煌736200 [3]中国石油集团测井有限公司青海分公司,甘肃敦煌736200

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2021年第2期289-303,共15页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05003-006);中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项(2016E-01)。

摘　　要：以柴达木盆地内部最大的正向构造单元和油气富集区——英雄岭构造带为切入点,剖析构造带油气成藏规律.在钻井和三维地震数据分析基础上,借助构造物理模拟、沉积速率分析、构造平衡、油源对比及包裹体分析等手段,讨论英雄岭构造带现今三维结构、构造形成演化及油气运聚过程,构建了英雄岭构造带成藏模式.认为英雄岭构造带现今空间结构与构造形成演化密切相关,构造形成演化与油气运聚过程高度耦合.英雄岭构造带垂向上发育深层盐下、深层盐间和浅层盐上3个含油气单元,成藏模式可以概括为盐下"低熟早排、源储一体、大面积成藏",盐间"多期调整聚集、断储圈三元控藏"和盐上"深浅断裂接力输导、晚期调整构造控藏".研究结果表明:空间上,英雄岭构造带整体呈现出南北分带、东西分段、上下分层的构造格局;时间上,英雄岭构造带经历了古始新世—中新世断坳(29.3~23.8 Ma)、上新世早期弱挤压(23.8~7.2 Ma)和上新世晚期—第四纪强挤压(7.2 Ma~现今)3个阶段;充足的油源供应是油气富集的基础,构造带所在富烃凹陷烃源岩TOC普遍在0.5%~1.0%,R_(o)在0.6%~0.9%;多类型储层为油气成藏提供储集空间,深层碳酸盐岩储层孔隙度介于6%~15%,浅层碎屑岩孔隙度普遍大于20%;广覆式膏盐层保证油气有效封盖,膏盐岩单层厚度2~25 m,累积厚度超过300 m,叠合面积350 km^(2);深浅断裂充当油气运移高速通道,3000 m以上诱导裂缝带普遍发育;异常压力是油气运聚的动力来源(地层压力系数普遍大于2);源圈时空配置是油气成藏的关键.Taking Yingxiongling structural belt,the largest positive structural unit and hydrocarbon enrichment area in Qaidam Basin as the breakthrough point,the hydrocarbon accumulation rule was analyzed.On the basis of drilling and 3D seismic data,the present spatial structure,tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation process of Yingxiongling structural belt were discussed by means of physical simulation,sedimentary rate analysis,structural balance,oil-source correlation and inclusion analysis.The reservoir forming mode was therefore established.It is considered that the evolution of the structure is closely related to present spatial structure and the hydrocarbon accumulation process.Vertically,three kinds of hydrocarbon-bearing units,namely sub salt,inter salt and supra salt reservoir,have developed in Yingxiongling structural belt.The hydrocarbon accumulation mode of Yingxiongling structural belt can be summarized as sub-salt large-scale accumulation characterized by source-reservoir integrated carbonates and low maturity and early drainage source rocks,inter-salt multi-stage accumulation controlled by fault,reservoir and trap,and late accumulation in supra salt controlled and adjusted by structural deformation.The results showed that spatially,the Yingxiongling structural belt is characterized by north-south zoning,east-west segmenting and upper-lower stratifying.In terms of time,the Yingxiongling structural belt has experienced three stages,including fault depression from Paleocene to Miocene(29.3—23.8 Ma),weak compression in early Pliocene(23.8—7.2 Ma)and strong compression from late Pliocene to Quaternary(7.2 Ma to the present).The sufficient oil source supply is the basis of hydrocarbon enrichment,the TOC and Ro of source rocks in the hydrocarbon generating center where the structural belt is also located is generally 0.5%—1.0% and 0.6%—0.9%,respectively.The various types of reservoirs provide favorable space for hydrocarbon storage,the porosity of deep carbonate reservoir is 6%—15%,and that of sh

关 键 词：高原隆升 构造演化 成藏模式 英雄岭构造带 柴达木盆地 

分 类 号：TE121.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]