种茎直接补种宿根蔗延长年限新技术降本增效分析与展望  

The Analysis of Cost Reduction and Efficiency Increase and Prospect of the New Technology of Direct Replanting Seed Cane on Ratoon Sugarcane

作　　者：游建华 邓智年 黄全宝 黄日宏 梁阗 樊保宁 谭宏伟[4] 周世福 黄研章 贾兆雄 YOU Jian-hua;DENG Zhi-nian;HUANG Quan-bao;HUANG Ri-hong;LIANG Tian;FAN Bao-ning;TAN Hong-wei;ZHOU Shi-fu;HUANG Yan-zhang;JIA Zhao-xiong(Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007;Guangxi Sugar Industry Development Office,Nanning,Guangxi 530021;Guangxi Sugar Group Honghe Sugar Co.Ltd.,Laibin,Guangxi 545112;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007;Luzhai Sugar Industry Group Co.Ltd.,Guangxi Fengtang Sugar Industry Group,Liuzhou,Guangxi 546500;Guangxi heng xian dongtangshitang sugar Co.Ltd.,Hengxian,Guangxi 530300;Rongshuihemu Co.Ltd.,Guangxi Fengtang Sugar Industry Group,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545302)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广西壮族自治区糖业发展办公室,广西南宁530021 [3]广西糖业集团红河制糖有限公司,广西来宾546128 [4]广西壮族自治区农业科学院,广西南宁530007 [5]广西凤糖鹿寨制糖有限责任公司,广西柳州546500 [6]横县东糖糖业有限公司石塘分公司,广西南宁530300 [7]广西凤糖融水和睦制糖有限责任公司,广西柳州545302

出　　处：《甘蔗糖业》2021年第2期14-22,共9页Sugarcane and Canesugar

基　　金：广西农业重点科技计划项目“桂辐98-296种茎直接补种延长主栽品种宿根的研究”(201524);国家重点研发计划项目“甘蔗化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究”(2018YFD0201103);5种作物轻简化农机装备及农机农艺配套关键技术集成与示范(2020YFD1000605);国家糖料产业技术体系“甘蔗宿根栽培岗位”(CARS-170206);国家自然科学基金“甘蔗宿根矮化病罹患病株根际微生物群落结构重建及拮抗菌的鉴定与利用研究”(31760368)。

摘　　要：2015~2017年,基于当时广西蔗区主栽品种ROC22宿根蔗缺株断垄严重而开展了种茎直接补种宿根蔗延长年限研究,利用桂辐98-296种茎直接补种ROC22、桂糖42号、桂柳05-136宿根蔗的田间试验。根据3年的试验结果表明,桂辐98-296种茎直接补种处理蔗茎产量比对照平均增产19.39 t/hm^(2),增幅33.51%,种茎补种处理蔗茎蔗糖分比对照高0.04%。经济效益分析结果表明:宿根蔗因年限延长2年而年节约种植成本平均为1234.2元/hm^(2),种植者纯增收平均为4898.8元/hm^(2),制糖企业新增工业产值平均为14838.0元/hm^(2)。综合部分制糖企业多点及其它甘蔗品种的示范表征结果,完善与提炼出具有创新性和实用性的“种茎直接补种宿根蔗延长年限栽培技术体系”。对该技术在广西蔗区生产未来大面积推广应用,对蔗糖产业提质和降本增效,以及利用机械化作业以提高补种作业劳动生产率进行了展望,并提出了一定的推广建议。From 2015 to 2017,due to the serious seedlingless ridges in ratoon sugarcane of ROC22(the main variety in Guangxi at that time),the study on extending the ratoon life of the cane by directly replanting the seed cane was carried out.Field experiments of direct replanting seed cane of Guifu98-296 were conducted in the ratoon sugarcane of ROC22,Guitang42 and Guiliu05-136.Based on the results of 3 years of experiments,the cane yield of directly replanted cane seed of Guifu98-296 increased by 19.39 t/hm^(2),on average,and growth of 33.51%was obtained,compared with that of the control.And the sucrose content of sugarcane was 0.04%higher than that of control.Economic benefit analysis results indicated that the annual planting cost was 1234.2 yuan/hm^(2) on average due to the extension of 2 years of ratoon cane life,the average net increase income of grower was 4898.8 yuan/hm^(2),and the average new industrial output value of sugar manufacturer was 14838.0 yuan/hm^(2).Based on the demonstration results of some sugar companies and other sugarcane varieties,the innovative and practical cultivation technology system of prolonging the age of the roots by direct replanting seed cane was improved and extracted.The expectation were carried through the technology in the aspects of widely applying in sugarcane production in Guangxi in the future,improving quality and reducing cost and increasing efficiency of sugar industry,as well as using mechanization to improve labor productivity of replanting.And the promotion suggestions are put forward.

关 键 词：甘蔗 种茎直接补种 增产增收 前景展望 推广建议 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]