河南产宝石级高温高压合成钻石的谱学特征及电磁性研究  

Spectral Characteristics and Electrical-Magnetic Properties of Gem-quality Synthetic Diamonds under High Temperature and Pressure

作　　者：杨池玉 陆太进 张健 宋中华 陈华 柯捷 何明跃[3] YANG Chi-yu;LU Tai-jin;ZHANG Jian;SONG Zhong-hua;CHEN Hua;KE Jie;HE Ming-yue(Beijing Institute,National Gems&Jewelry Technology Administrative Center,Beijing 100013,China;Jewellery Department of Zhejiang College,Tongji University,Jiaxing 314051,China;School of Gemmology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部珠宝玉石首饰管理中心北京研究所,北京100013 [2]同济大学浙江学院珠宝系,浙江嘉兴314051 [3]中国地质大学(北京)珠宝学院,北京100083

出　　处：《岩矿测试》2021年第2期217-226,共10页Rock and Mineral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41473030,41272086);国家珠宝玉石质量监督检验中心(NGTC)科研基金项目(NGTCBJ18005,NGTC20200300)。

摘　　要：为快速鉴定高温高压(HPHT)合成钻石,前人已开展了系统的发光特征和谱学特征研究,但对比性分析较少,且对电学性质和磁学性质关注不多。本文结合常规宝石学观察、高精度谱学测试以及导电性和磁性测试,对49粒无色、黄色样品进行了深入研究和对比分析。结果表明:①铁、钴、镍等金属元素的触媒残余是HPHT合成钻石的磁性来源,测试样品均能被磁强达到12000Gs的磁棒吸引。②无色HPHT合成钻石为Ⅱa+Ⅱb型钻石,硼元素的存在导致其具有良好的导电能力,且随着硼含量的增多,导电能力逐渐增强;黄色样品为Ⅰb+ⅠaA型钻石,约三分之一的孤氮转化为A集合体,揭示合成钻石在生长完成后经过了高温退火处理。③硼元素的普遍存在,以及氮元素主要以孤氮原子和A集合体的方式存在,导致了HPHT合成钻石的特征红外光谱;HPHT合成钻石中常含有氮、镍、硅等杂质元素引起的晶格缺陷,导致了特征的光致发光光谱。④无色HPHT合成钻石具有强蓝绿色荧光和磷光,黄色HPHT合成钻石具有绿色荧光,可见明显的立方体-八面体分区现象。本研究表明:谱学特征和发光特征仍然是筛查鉴定HPHT合成钻石的重要依据。现生长技术下合成的HPHT合成钻石在导电性和磁性两方面也与天然钻石存在明显差异,可以作为快速鉴定合成钻石的辅助性依据。BACKGROUND:In order to quickly identify and screen high pressure and high temperature(HPHT)grown synthetic diamonds,a lot of research about their luminescent and spectral characteristics has been done.However,the comparative analysis is lacking,and less attention is paid to electrical and magnetic properties.OBJECTIVES:To summarize the spectral characteristics and investigate the electrical and magnetic properties of HPHT synthetic diamonds systematically.METHODS:Conventional gemological observation,high precision spectroscopy and electrical conductivity and magnetism testing were used for comparative analysis of 49 colorless and yellow samples.RESULTS:The residual metal catalysts,including iron,cobalt,and nickel,caused the ferromagnetism of diamonds.All of the HPHT synthetic diamond samples could be attracted by the magnetic bar with magnetic intensity up to 12000Gs.The colorless samples were typeⅡa+Ⅱb diamonds.The presence of boron led to its good conductivity,and the conductivity increased with increased boron content.The yellow samples were Ib+IaA type diamonds,and about one-third of the single nitrogen was converted into A aggregate.The synthetic diamond had undergone high temperature annealing treatment after growth.The ubiquitous presence of boron,and the presence of nitrogen mainly as single atoms and A aggregates led to the characteristic infrared spectra of HPHT synthetic diamonds.HPHT synthetic diamonds often contained crystal lattice defects caused by impurity elements such as nitrogen,nickel and silicon,which led to characteristic photoluminescence spectra.Colorless samples showed strong blue-green fluorescence and phosphorescence,whereas yellow samples had green fluorescence,with obvious cube-octahedron patterns.CONCLUSIONS:Spectral and luminescent characteristics are still an important basis for screening and identification of HPHT synthetic diamonds.HPHT synthetic diamonds under the current growth technology also have obvious differences from natural diamonds in both conductivity and magnetism

关 键 词：高温高压合成钻石 磁性 导电性 傅里叶变换红外光谱 光致发光光谱 钻石观测仪 

分 类 号：P619.281[天文地球—矿床学]