不同培育模式对牦牛犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数和血清生化指标的影响  

Effects of Different Feeding Modes on Growth Performance,Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Serum Biochemical Indices of Yak Calves

作　　者：马涛[1] 崔凯[1] 张成福[2] 曹涵文 毕研亮[1] 屠焰[1] 张卫兵[3] 刁其玉[1] MA Tao;CUI Kai;ZHANG Chengfu;CAO Hanwen;BI Yanliang;TU Yan;ZHANG Weibing;DIAO Qiyu(Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of PRC,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850009,China;Beijing Precision Animal Nutrition Research Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室,北京100081 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所,拉萨850009 [3]北京精准动物营养研究中心,北京100081

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第4期2055-2062,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题“牦牛优质安全养殖技术应用与示范”(2018YFD0502302);省部共建青稞和牦牛国重实验室开放课题(XZNKY⁃2020⁃C⁃007K02)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究不同培育模式(随母哺乳与饲喂代乳粉)对牦牛犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数和血清生化指标的影响。选用日龄[(30±1)日龄]和体重[(22.5±0.9)kg]接近的牦牛犊牛60头(母犊牛40头、公犊牛20头),按照体重接近原则随机分为2组,每组母犊牛20头、公犊牛10头。对照组牦牛犊牛随母哺乳,试验组牦牛犊牛与母牛分离并饲喂专用代乳粉,试验共持续120 d。结果显示:试验组牦牛犊牛在30~150日龄的生长性能与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验组牦牛犊牛存活率显著高于对照组(73.3%vs.46.7%,P<0.05)。试验组牦牛犊牛瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和丁酸摩尔比例以及血清总蛋白质、球蛋白、免疫球蛋白G、胰岛素、β-羟丁酸和生长激素含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此得出,在本试验条件下,30日龄断母乳饲喂代乳粉的牦牛犊牛在随后4个月的生长性能与随母哺乳的牦牛犊牛无显著差异,但饲喂代乳粉显著提高了牦牛犊牛的存活率。基于瘤胃发酵参数和血清生化指标,可能是因为采食代乳粉能够保证牦牛犊牛摄入的营养浓度一致,有利于维持其正常的生理代谢功能,最终提高了牦牛犊牛的存活率。This experiment aims to investigate the effects of different feeding modes(fed with dam’s milk and fed with milk replacer)on growth performance,rumen fermentation parameters and serum biochemical indices of yak calves.A total of 60 yak calves with similar age[(30±1)days of age]and body weight[(22.5±0.9)kg]including 40 females and 20 males were used in this experiment.The yak calves were divided into two groups according to similar body weight.Each group contained 20 female and 10 male calves.Calves in control group were fed dam’s milk,while calves in test group were separated from calves and fed milk repla⁃cer.The experiment lasted for 120 days.The results showed that calves in the test group had similar growth performance at 30 to 150 days of age compared with those in the control group,the difference were not signifi⁃cant(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,feeding milk replacer significantly improved the survival rate of yak calves(73.3%vs.46.7%,P<0.05).The total volatile fatty acid concentration and butyrate molar proportion in rumen fluid,as well as serum contents of total protein,globulin,immunoglobulin G,insulin,beta⁃hydroxybutyric acid and growth hormone of yak calves in test group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,under the condition of this experiment,when yak calves are stopped breastfeeding and fed milk replacer since the 30 days of age,the growth performance in the following 4 months of them has no significant difference compared with yak calves fed dam’s milk,but the survival rate is signifi⁃cantly increased.Based on the results of rumen fermentation parameters and serum biochemical indices,it is possible that feeding milk replacer can provide stable nutrients,which is essential to maintain the normal meta⁃bolic and physiological functions of yak calves,and in turn improve their survival rate.

关 键 词：牦牛 犊牛 代乳粉 生长性能 存活率 瘤胃发酵参数 血清生化指标 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]