酵母水解物对日本沼虾幼虾生长、抗氧化、免疫和肠道菌群的影响  

Effects of Yeast Hydrolyzate on Growth,Antioxidant,Immune and Intestinal Flora of Juvenile Macrobrachium nipponense

作　　者：熊云凤 吴佳文 周东生 郑金仙 邱恬 李秋琳 孔有琴[1] 邵仙萍[1] 叶金云[1] 丁志丽[1] XIONG Yunfeng;WU Jiawen;ZHOU Dongsheng;ZHENG Jinxian;QIU Tian;LI Qiulin;KONG Youqin;SHAO Xianping;YE Jinyun;DING Zhili(Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,College of Life Science,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院生命科学学院,中国水产科学研究院水生动物繁育与营养重点实验室,浙江省水生生物资源养护与开发技术研究重点实验室,湖州313000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第4期2199-2212,共14页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：浙江省重大科技专项计划项目(2014C02011);湖州市自然科学基金(2019YZ04)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究酵母水解物添加水平对日本沼虾幼虾生长、抗氧化、免疫和肠道菌群的影响。在蛋白质水平为37%、脂肪水平为8%的基础饲料中分别添加0(YH1)、0.5%(YH2)、1.0%(YH3)、2.0%(YH4)和4.0%(YH5)的酵母水解物,获得5种试验饲料。将平均体重为(0.104±0.003)g的1000尾日本沼虾幼虾随机分为5组,每组4个平行(50尾/平行),进行为期8周的饲养试验。结果表明:1)日本沼虾成活率不受饲料中酵母水解物添加水平的影响(P>0.05),但当饲料中酵母水解物添加水平达到1.0%时,增重率和特定生长率最高,且显著高于YH1组(P<0.05)。2)相比YH1和YH5组,YH3和YH4组肝胰腺丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);YH2、YH3和YH4组肝胰腺总抗氧化力(T⁃AOC)显著高于YH1和YH5组(P<0.05);YH4组肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于YH1、YH2和YH5组(P<0.05);YH5组肝胰腺谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH⁃Px)活性显著低于其余各组(P<0.05);同时,YH5组肝胰腺免疫性能指标一氧化氮(NO)含量和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。3)日本沼虾肠道菌群从门水平上分析,主要以8种优势菌门为主,分别为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、软壁菌门(Tenericutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、衣原体门(Chlamydiae)和浮霉菌门(Planctomyce⁃tes);从属水平上分析,主要以11种优势菌属为主,分别为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、雷诺氏菌属(Reyranella)、几丁质杆菌属(Chitinibact⁃er)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)、红杆菌属(Rhodobacter)、寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)和军团菌属(Legionella);属水平上的有益菌未因酵母水解物的添加而显著增多(P<0.05),但添加一定量的酵母水解物可抑制希瓦氏菌属、气单胞菌属、不动杆菌属和军团�The purpose of this study was to study the effects of yeast hydrolyzate(YH)on growth,antioxida⁃tion,immunity and intestinal flora of Juvenile Macrobrachium nipponense.Five experimental diets were ob⁃tained by adding 0(YH1),0.5%(YH2),1.0%(YH3),2.0%(YH4)and 4.0%(YH5)YH to the basal diet with protein level of 37%and lipid level of 8%.A total of 1000 Juvenile M.nipponense with an average weight of(0.104±0.003)g was randomly divided into 5 groups,each with 4 parallels(50 fish/parallel),and the feeding experiment lasted for 8 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)the survival rate of M.nippon⁃ense was not affected by the different YH levels in the diet(P>0.05),but when the YH level in the diet was 1.0%,the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of M.nipponense were significantly higher than those in YH1 group(P<0.05)and reached the highest.2)Compared with YH1 and YH5 groups,the content of ma⁃londialdehyde(MDA)in hepatopancreas in YH3 and YH4 groups decreased significantly(P<0.05).The total antioxidant capacity(T⁃AOC)in hepatopancreas in YH2,YH3 and YH4 groups was significantly higher than that in YH1 and YH5 groups(P<0.05).The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in YH4 group was sig⁃nificantly higher than that in YH1,YH2 and YH5 groups(P<0.05).Glutathione peroxidase(GSH⁃Px)activ⁃ity in YH5 group was significantly lower than that in other groups(P<0.05).Nitric oxide(NO)content and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)activity in YH5 group were significantly higher than those in other groups(P<0.05).3)At the phylum level,there were 8 dominant bacteria in the intestinal tract,which were Proteobacte⁃ria,Firmicutes,Tenericutes,Bacteroidetes,Cyanobacteria,Actinobacteria,Chlamydiae and Planctomycetes.At the genus level,there were 11 dominant bacteria in the intestinal tract,which were Pseudomonas,She⁃wanella,Aeromonas,Reyranella,Chitinibacter,Acinetobacter,Flavobacterium,Mycobacterium,Rhodobacter,Stenotrophomonas and Legionella.No beneficial bacteria at the genus level increased due to the addition of YH(P<0.05)

关 键 词：酵母水解物 日本沼虾 生长性能 抗氧化 免疫 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]