蚯蚓粉、丝兰提取物对生长猪生长性能、养分消化代谢及粪尿发酵期间恶臭物质和有害气体排放的影响  

Effects of Earthworm Powder and Yucca Extract on Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestion and Metabolism,and Emissions of Repugnant Substances and Harmful Gases during Fermentation of Fecal⁃Urine Mixture for Growing Pigs

作　　者：蒲施桦[1,2] 龙定彪 刘作华[1] 朱佳明 简悦[1,2] 曾雅琼 王颖 PU Shihua;LONG Dingbiao;LIU Zuohua;ZHU Jiaming;JIAN Yue;ZENG Yaqiong;WANG Ying(Chongqing Academy of Animal Science,Chongqing 402460,China;Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest,Ministry of Agriculture,Chongqing 402460,China;College of Animal Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 402460,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市畜牧科学院,重庆402460 [2]农业农村部西南地区养殖工程科学观测实验站,重庆402460 [3]西南大学动物科学学院,重庆402460

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第4期2321-2334,共14页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用示范专项(cstc2018jscx⁃mszdX0045);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS⁃35);国际科技合作项目(19502)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲料中添加蚯蚓粉、丝兰提取物对生长猪生长性能、养分消化代谢以及粪尿发酵期间恶臭物质和有害气体排放的影响。采用双因素随机试验设计,选取56头30~35 kg的健康杜长大(DLY)生长猪,按照体重相近、性别一致的原则分为4组,每组14个重复,每个重复1头猪。其中,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,蚯蚓粉组在基础饲粮中添加0.500%的蚯蚓粉,丝兰提取物组在基础饲粮中添加0.012%的丝兰提取物,蚯蚓粉+丝兰提取物组在基础饲粮中添加0.500%的蚯蚓粉和0.012%的丝兰提取物。试验期为80 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,单独添加丝兰提取物可显著降低生长猪的料重比(P<0.05);组合添加蚯蚓粉和丝兰提取物可显著增加粗蛋白质表观消化率及粗蛋白质表观代谢率(P<0.05)。2)在厌氧发酵过程中,与对照组相比,单独添加丝兰提取物能显著增加粪尿中有机质含量(P<0.05),从而使粪尿的碳氮比增加至16,提高发酵期粪便产气量。3)与对照组相比,单独添加蚯蚓粉或者丝兰提取物均能显著降低发酵粪尿的三甲基吲哚、氨气和硫化氢浓度(P<0.05);这2种添加剂组合使用对减少粪尿发酵期间挥发性脂肪酸、臭味物质以及有害气体产生均有协同促进效果。由此可见,饲粮中组合添加蚯蚓粉和丝兰提取物能促进生长猪对蛋白质的消化吸收,减少粪尿发酵期间挥发性脂肪酸、恶臭物质和有害气体的排放,可作为饲料添加剂从源头上减少养殖粪污排放,对于加强养殖环境防控、缓解畜禽粪污资源化处理压力具有重要意义。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of earthworm powder and yucca extract on growth performance,nutrient digestion and metabolism,and emissions of repugnant substances and harmful gases during fermentation of fecal⁃urine mixture for growing pigs.A double⁃factor design was adopted in this experiment.Fifty⁃six healthy Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire(DLY)pigs with the body weight of 30 to 35 kg were selected and allocated to 4 groups with 14 replicates per group and 1 pig per replicate according to the principle of similar weight and consistent gender.A basal diet was the diet of control group,and the diet of earthworm powder group,yucca extract group,and earthworm powder+yucca extract group was adding 0.500%earthworm powder,0.012%yucca extract and 0.500%earthworm powder+0.012%yucca extract into the basal diet,respectively.The experiment lasted for 80 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the feed/gain of growing pigs was significantly reduced by individually adding yucca extract(P<0.05),and the apparent digestibility of crude protein and the apparent metabolic rate of crude pro⁃tein were significantly improved by simultaneously adding earthworm and yucca extract into the diets(P<0.05).2)In the anaerobic fermentation process,individually adding yucca extract could significantly increase the organic matter content in fecal⁃urine mixture,and improve the carbon/nitrogen(C/N)to 16 in the fecal⁃u⁃rine mixture,and promote the gas production of feces.3)Compared with the control group,individually adding earthworm powder and yucca extract could significantly reduce the concentration of 3⁃methyindole,am⁃monia and hydrogen sulfide(P<0.05).When those two additives combined used that had a synergistic promo⁃ting effect on reducing the production of volatile fatty acids,repugnant substances and odorous gases in the fe⁃cal⁃urine mixture during fermentation.In conclusion,yucca extract and earthworm powder combined used in the diet can promote the digestion and

关 键 词：蚯蚓粉 丝兰提取物 生长性能 挥发性脂肪酸 厌氧发酵 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]