纳米芳纶增强聚酰亚胺气凝胶纤维的制备及其性能研究  

Preparation and properties of aramid nano-fibers reinforced polyimide aerogel fibers

作　　者：陈纤 赵昕[1,2] 董杰 绳索修[3] 李海涛 滕翠青[1,2] CHEN Xian;ZHAO Xin;DONG Jie;SHENG Suoxiu;LI Haitao;TENG Cuiqing(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620;State Key Laboratory of Fiber Material Modification,Shanghai 201620;Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute,Aviation Industry Corporation of China,Shenyang 110035)

机构地区：[1]东华大学材料科学与工程学院,上海201620 [2]纤维改性国家重点实验室,上海201620 [3]中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所,辽宁沈阳110035

出　　处：《合成纤维工业》2021年第2期38-42,46,共6页China Synthetic Fiber Industry

基　　金：国防科工局军口配套项目和纺织之光应用基础研究项目(J201602,J201803)。

摘　　要：以3,3′,4,4′-联苯四甲酸二酐和1,4-二氨基苯二胺共聚制备聚酰胺酸盐前驱体溶液,通过湿法纺丝,然后经过超临界二氧化碳干燥和热亚胺化处理制得纳米芳纶(ANFs)增强聚酰亚胺(PI)气凝胶纤维(简称PI/ANFs气凝胶纤维),研究了气凝胶纤维的结构与性能。结果表明:傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射光谱表征所制备的PI/ANFs气凝胶纤维为目标产物;PI/ANFs气凝胶纤维的截面具有大量的孔结构且分布较为均匀;PI/ANFs气凝胶纤维的比表面积为152 m^(2)/g,孔径主要分布在10~25 nm之间,密度为0.21 g/cm^(3),孔隙率大于85%;PI/ANFs气凝胶纤维在空气气氛下的最大热分解温度为625℃,在氮气气氛下950℃的残炭率为67%;PI/ANFs气凝胶纤维的断裂强度和初始模量分别为(2.5±0.5)MPa和(109±10)MPa。Polyamide acid precursor solution was prepared by the copolymerization of 3,3′4,4′-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and 1,4-diaminobenzene diamine and was produced into aramid nano-fibers reinforced polyimide(PI/ANFs)aerogel fiber by wet spinning prior to supercritical carbon dioxide drying and thermal imidization.The structure and properties of the aerogel fibers were studied.The results showed that the prepared PI/ANFs aerogel fibers were proved to be the target products by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy;the cross-section of PI/ANFs aerogel fiber had a large amount of pore structures with uniform distribution;the PI/ANFs aerogel fiber had a specific surface area of 152 m^(2)/g,the pore size mainly distributed at 10-25 nm,the density 0.21 g/cm^(3)and the porosity above 85%;the maximum thermal decomposition temperature of PI/ANFs aerogel fiber was 625℃in air,and the carbon residue rate was 67%at 950℃in nitrogen atmosphere;and the breaking strength and initial modulus of PI/ANFs aerogel fiber were(2.5±0.5)MPa and(109±10)MPa respectively.

关 键 词：聚酰亚胺气凝胶纤维 湿法纺丝 纳米芳纶 超临界二氧化碳 结构 性能 

分 类 号：TQ342.8[化学工程—化纤工业]