上海合作组织扩员后的地区定位与合作格局  

Regional Positioning and Cooperative Pattern after the SCO’s Latest Enlargement

作　　者：李孝天 LI Xiaotian

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校国际战略研究院,北京100089

出　　处：《国际展望》2021年第3期96-118,156,157,共25页Global Review

摘　　要：作为新地区主义的一种实践形式,上海合作组织成立后不断发展。上海合作组织坚持以“不干涉内政”原则为核心的主权规范,遵循“国家主义”发展路径。扩员之前,在应对安集延事件、吉尔吉斯斯坦政局动荡等地区安全与政治挑战的过程中,上海合作组织确立了以中亚为地缘安全中心的地区定位。在开展各领域合作的进程中,上海合作组织秉持协商一致的原则,其内部形成了“大国引领、中小国家平等参与”的合作格局。扩员之后,上海合作组织继续遵循“国家主义”发展路径,但其地区定位与内部合作格局出现了新变化。印度和巴基斯坦的加入,使中亚的地缘安全中心地位相对下降,以中亚为重心、南亚为重要延伸成为上海合作组织新的地区定位。印度和巴基斯坦两国的加入,还增加了上海合作组织内部合作格局的复杂性,使“大国引领”的合作格局面临深刻转型,“中小国家平等参与”的合作格局也在发生演变。目前,上海合作组织处于发展转型的十字路口,其发展面临的不确定性需要给予更多关注。The Shanghai Cooperation Organization was established in the heyday of new regionalism,and its evolution has been held up as a case study of a state-centered model of regionalization in the post-Cold War era.Before its most recent enlargement,the SCO adhered to the sovereignty norm centered around the principle of noninterference.In the process of responding to regional security challenges such as the“Tulip Revolution,”the Andijan Incident,and the unrest in Kyrgyzstan,the SCO positioned itself as a regional bloc focused on Central Asian security.With a consensus-based decision-making process,the organization promoted a cooperation model that featured major powers’leadership role and mid-and small nations’equal participation.After the latest enlargement,the SCO has continued down its state-centered development path but also made necessary adjustments to regional positioning and cooperation model by elevating South Asia as an extended part of its security focus.The inclusion of India and Pakistan,two longstanding competitors,have also complicated great power diplomacy within the bloc.The security organization has come to a crossroads and its evolution in the years to come deserves closer observation.

关 键 词：上海合作组织 新地区主义 扩员 地区定位 内部合作格局 

分 类 号：D814.1[政治法律—国际关系]