氮肥与根瘤菌配施对南疆春大豆结瘤和生长的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Rhizobium Inoculation on Nodulation and Growth of Southern Xinjiang Spring Soybean

作　　者：胥雅馨 徐玥 李玲 黄兴军 王德胜[1] 吴全忠[1] 陈国栋[1] 翟云龙[1] XU Ya-xin;XU Yue;LI Ling;HUANG Xing-jun;WANG De-sheng;WU Quan-zhong;CHEN Guo-dong;ZHAI Yun-long(College of Plant Sciences,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新璐阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《大豆科学》2021年第2期241-248,共8页Soybean Science

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关项目(2019AB022);塔里木大学华中农业大学联合基金(TDHNLH201705)。

摘　　要：为了探讨最适合南疆地区的氮肥和根瘤菌配施方案,设置3个施氮水平(N0:0 kg·hm^(-2);N1:90 kg·hm^(-2);N2:180 kg·hm^(-2))与3种根瘤菌(SMH12、T6和SN7-2)拌种的田间试验,研究主栽大豆品种新大豆8号结瘤情况、干物质积累及分配、产量及其构成因素对施氮及接种根瘤菌的响应。结果表明:随着施氮量的增加,根瘤数、根瘤干重、干物质积累量及产量均表现为先增加后下降;不施用氮肥不利于大豆生长,供应量过高影响大豆生长代谢、根瘤形成,单施氮肥增产有限,增产幅度为9.41%~14.24%。在相同施氮条件下,接种根瘤菌可使植株各生长指标显著提高,表现为SN7-2>T6>SMH12>CK,施氮配合接种根瘤菌比仅施氮肥增产11.5%~46.3%。N1处理接种SN7-2根瘤菌的效果最佳,产量高达5 115.3 kg·hm^(-2),比CK增产31.65%,能明显提高大豆根瘤数、根瘤干重以及单株和各器官的干物质积累。施氮配合接种根瘤菌是提高南疆大豆结瘤生长和产量的有效措施。In order to explore the most suitable scheme of nitrogen fertilizer and rhizobium in southern Xinjiang, three levels of nitrogen(N0: 0 kg·ha^(-1), N1:90 kg·ha^(-1), N2:180 kg·ha^(-1)) were combined with the three rhizobium(SMH12, T6 and SN7-2) of field trials. The nodulation, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and yield response of the main soybean variety of Xindadou 8 to nitrogen application and rhizobium inoculation were studied. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application, the number of nodules and their dry matter, dry matter accumulation and yield all increased firstly and then decreased. No nitrogen fertilizer applying was disadvantageous to soybean growth, too high supply also impacted soybean growth and nodule formation. Single application of nitrogen fertilizer had limited yield increase, with the yield increase range of 9.41%-14.24%. The same nitrogen application conditions with inoculation of rhizobium could significantly improve plant growth indicators, showing as SN7-2>T6>SMH12>CK. Nitrogen application combined with rhizobium inoculation could increase yield by 11.5%-46.3% compared with only nitrogen application. N1 treatment combined with inoculation of SN7-2 rhizobium had the best effect, the yield was 5 115.3 kg·ha^(-1), which was 31.65% higher than CK, the number of nodules, dry weight of nodules, and the dry matter accumulation of individual plants and organs were significantly increased. In conclusion, nitrogen application combined with rhizobium inoculation is an effective measure to increase nodulation growth and yield of soybean in southern Xinjiang.

关 键 词：氮肥 根瘤菌 春大豆 新大豆8号 结瘤 生长 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]