特色叶菜品质比较及硝酸盐累积规律  

Quality comparison and nitrate accumulation of characteristic leaf vegetables

作　　者：高杏 王利康 翁金洋 李彭丽 俞静 牛庆良[1] GAO Xing;WANG Likang;WENG Jinyang;LI Pengli;YU Jing;NIU Qingliang(School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海200240

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2021年第2期50-57,共8页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市科技兴农项目[沪农科种字(2017)第1-4号]。

摘　　要：以3种特色叶菜为材料,研究不同品种特色叶菜产量、营养品质的差异及生长期硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量和硝酸还原酶活性的变化规律及相关性,以期筛选出品质好、硝酸盐含量低的特色叶菜品种,并为硝酸盐含量的降控提供理论依据。结果表明:不同特色叶菜的产量、营养品质及硝酸盐累积存在显著差异。芝麻菜6个品种中,‘板叶芝麻菜1号’的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、VC和叶绿素含量最高,硝酸盐含量最低;苦苣4个品种中,‘北京花叶苦苣’的含水量、VC、总氨基酸含量最高;京水菜3个品种中,‘白梗千筋京水菜’的单株鲜质量、叶片数、含水量、可溶性蛋白和VC含量最高。在整个生长过程中,3种特色叶菜硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量及硝酸还原酶活性呈现不同变化规律;硝酸盐含量与硝酸还原酶活性呈极显著负相关。通过对3种特色叶菜及其品种间产量、品质比较,筛选出‘板叶芝麻菜1号’‘北京花叶苦苣’和‘白梗千筋京水菜’3个最优品种。Using three kinds of characteristic leafy vegetables as materials,we investigated the differences of yield,nutritive quality and the accumulation rule of nitrate,nitrite content and nitrate reductase activity in growing period and the correlation among the three indexes,in order to screen out the characteristic leaf vegetables with good quality and low nitrate content,and provide theoretical basis for the reduction and control of nitrate content.The results showed that there were significant differences in yield,nutritional quality and nitrate accumulation among different leaf vegetables.Among the six varieties of arugula,the content of soluble sugar,soluble protein,VC and chlorophyll were the highest and the content of nitrate was the lowest in‘Banye arugula No.1’;Among the four varieties of endive,the content of water,VC and total amino acids of‘Beijing flower leaf endive’were the highest;Among the three varieties of mizuna mustard,the fresh weight,leaf number,water content,soluble protein and VC content of‘Baigeng qianjin’were the highest.During the whole growth process,the contents of nitrate and nitrite and the activities of nitrate reductase in three kinds of characteristic leaf vegetables showed different changes.There was a significant negative correlation between nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity.By comparing the yield and quality of three kinds of characteristic leafy vegetables and their varieties,three best varieties of‘Banye arugula No.1’,‘Beijing flower leaf endive’and‘Baigeng qianjin’were selected.

关 键 词：芝麻菜 苦苣 京水菜 品质 硝酸盐 

分 类 号：S63[农业科学—蔬菜学]