基于藻类光合作用抑制效应的敌草隆毒性响应参数研究  

Toxicity Response Parameters of Diaquilone Based on Photosynthetic Inhibition Effect of Algae

作　　者：胡丽 陈敏 殷高方 赵南京 甘婷婷 HU Li;CHEN Min;YIN Gao-fang;ZHAO Nan-jing;GAN Ting-ting(Physics and Materials Engineering College,Hefei Normal University,Hefei 230061,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology,Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,C hina;University of Science and Technology of China,Graduate School of Science Island,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥师范学院物理与材料工程学院,安徽合肥230061 [2]中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所中科院环境光学与技术重点实验室,安徽合肥230031 [3]中国科学技术大学研究生院科学岛分院,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2021年第5期1519-1524,共6页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61875204,61805254);安徽省科技重大专项(202003a0702007);安徽省杰出青年科学基金项目(1908085J23);中国科学院环境光学与技术重点实验室开放基金项目(2005DP173065-2017-01);安徽高校联合重点实验室开放课题(2020GDTC04)资助。

摘　　要：藻类作为单细胞生物,其个体小、易培养、对毒物敏感、且能够观察细胞水平上的中毒症状,是快速检测水质生物毒性的理想受试生物。“藻类生长抑制试验”依赖于藻类细胞的繁殖代谢过程,测量周期长,无法满足生物毒性快速检测的需求。藻类光合作用过程对污染物毒性的响应速度和灵敏度显著优于“藻类生长抑制试验”,以藻类光合作用状态为毒性测试指标可大幅缩短毒性检测时间。现有“光合作用抑制实验”多采用可变荧光Fv或最大光化学量子产量Fv/Fm作为生物毒性反应终点,缺乏对多个光合荧光参数响应敏感性的对比分析,造成生物毒性定量检测的灵敏度不高。以蛋白核小球藻为受试对象,以叶绿素荧光作为藻类光合作用状态快速无损探针,采用荧光动力学手段测量藻类光合荧光参数,对典型除草剂DCMU抑制下的多个光合荧光参数的毒性响应敏感性进行对比分析,得到适用于快速、定量评价DCMU胁迫效应的关键光合参数,提高DCMU生物毒性检测的速度和灵敏度。结果显示:(1)DCMU对光合荧光参数F 0,Fm,σPSⅡ,τQA,Fv,Fv/Fm,Yield,rP,NPQ,α响应显著,其中参数α,rP,Fv/Fm,yield和NPQ在5 min即呈现出类似时长(96 h)的响应效应;(2)参数α,rP,Fv/Fm,yield和NPQ的5 min抑制程度对DCMU浓度具有良好的剂量效应关系。其中,参数NPQ的相关系数和EC 50-5 min分别为0.9985和2.41μg·L^(-1),显著优于其他四个参数,且优于96 h的测量结果。采用光合荧光参数NPQ作为5 min定量测量DCMU生物毒性的反应终点,可极大缩短DCMU生物毒性的检测时间(从96 h缩短至5 min),并显著提高检测灵敏度(与光合抑制方法常规参数Fv/Fm相比,EC_(50)降低了81.4%)。实验结果为基于藻类光合抑制效应的DCMU生物毒性定量检测提供了基础数据,研究方法也为其他污染物胁迫下的藻类光合荧光参数筛选提供了参考。As single-celled organisms,algae were small in size,easy to culture,sensitive to poisons,and able to observe toxic symptoms at the cellular level.They were ideal test organisms for rapid detection of biotoxicity in water quality.However,"algal growth inhibition test"relied on the reproductive and metabolic process of algal cells,and the measurement cycle was long,so it could not meet the needs of rapid detection of biological toxicity.The response speed and sensitivity of algae’s photosynthetic process to the toxicity of pollutants were significantly better than that of the"algae growth inhibition test".The variable fluorescence Fvor maximum photochemical quantum yield Fv/Fm were mostly used as the endpoint of the biotoxicity reaction in the existing"photosynthesis inhibition experiments",and the lack of comparative analysis on the sensitivity of response of multiple photosynthetic fluorescence parameters led to the low sensitivity of quantitative biotoxicity detection.Planktonic algae were ideal biotoxic test subjects,and Chlorella pyrenoidosa was taken as the subject,and photosynthetic fluorescence parameters of algae were used as toxicity evaluation indexes to study the response law of multiple photosynthetic fluorescence parameters under DCMU toxicity,to improve the speed of DCMU biological toxicity test and sensitivity,in this paper.The results showed:(1)The photosynthetic fluorescence parameters F0,Fm,σPSⅡ,τQA,Fv,Fv/Fm,Yield,rP,NPQ,αunder DCMU toxicity were significantly responsive,and the responses of α,rP,Fv/Fm,Yield,NPQ in 5 minute were similar to the responses in 96 hour.(2)The inhibitory effect ofα,rP,Fv/Fm,Yield,NPQ had a good dose-effect relationship with DCMU concentration.The correlation coefficient of parameter NPQ and EC_(50) were 0.9985 and 2.41μg·L^(-1),respectively,which are significantly better than the other four parameters and the measurement result of 96 hour.If the photosynthetic fluorescence parameter NPQ was used as the endpoint of 5 min quantitative measurement of DCMU bioto

关 键 词：生物光学 敌草隆 蛋白核小球藻 光合荧光参数 毒性响应 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]