山东省海岸砂生植被基本特征及现状分析  

Characteristics and status of coastal sand dune vegetation on coasts of Shandong Province

作　　者：王蕙 张沁媛 崔可宁 贺同利[1,2,3] 马家乐 孙淑霞 张淑萍 崔文强[1] 郑培明 王仁卿 WANG Hui;ZHANG QinYuan;CUI KeNing;HE TongLi;MA JiaLe;SUN ShuXia;ZHANG ShuPing;CUI WenQiang;ZHENG PeiMing;WANG RenQing(Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity,School of Life Sciences,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China;Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology,Research Center for Vegetation Ecology,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China;Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学生命科学学院生态学与生物多样性研究所,青岛266237 [2]山东省植被生态示范工程技术研究中心,青岛266237 [3]山东青岛森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,青岛266237

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2021年第3期300-313,共14页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：山东大学基本科研业务费(批准号:61200079614091);山东青岛森林生态站运行经费(批准号:61200005092001);新一代中国植被图编研(山东)项目(批准号:61200005251902)资助。

摘　　要：作为一种非地带性植被类型,砂生植被分布在沿海砂质海岸上,主要由耐贫瘠、干旱和轻度盐碱的砂生植物组成.我国山东省有较典型的砂生植被分布.砂生植被通常分布区域狭小,面积也较小,但由于其具有原生性,对砂质海岸起着防护作用,又有各种各样的珍稀和濒危植物,因而具有重要的生态价值和区域生态意义.本团队通过长期野外调查和文献分析,研究了山东省砂质海岸的砂生植被种类组成、结构、分布和演替等基本特征;将山东省砂生植被划分成13个植物群落类型;分析了1985~2020年山东省海岸带砂生植被在种类组成、分布范围、植被类型等方面的变化及原因.由于城市化、房地产、沿海道路建设、采砂、旅游等人类活动的影响,山东省海岸的砂生植被退化严重而普遍,在一些地段已经消失.因此,保护和恢复海岸砂生植被非常重要而迫切,包括加强砂生植被的基础理论研究、将砂生植被纳入特定保护和管理范围等措施.针对这一类型在中国植被分类中的地位以及植被制图等方面的意义,本文提出了将其作为单独的类型处理和列入植被制图图例的建议.Coastal sand dune vegetation is a non-zonal vegetation type, mainly composed of coastal sand dune plants resistant to impoverishment, drought, and mild salinity, which is distributed on the sandy coast of China. There is typical coastal sand dune vegetation on the coasts of Shandong Province. Although the distribution area of coastal sand dune vegetation is small, it has important ecological value and regional significance because of its original nature, protective effect on sandy coast, and various rare and endangered plants. By field investigation and literature review, we studied the characteristics of the composition, structure,distribution, and succession of coastal sand dune vegetation on sandy coasts of Shandong Province. It is classified in to 13 community types. We also analyze the changes and causes of the coastal sand dune vegetation in Shandong Province from 1985 to 2020 in terms of the composition, distribution, and vegetation type. Due to the impact of urbanization, real estate, coastal road construction, sand excavation, tourism, and other human activities, the degradation of coastal sand dune vegetation is serious and widespread. It is very important and urgent to put forward the countermeasures of protecting and restoring coastal sand dune vegetation, such as conducting basic research, implementing specific protection and management. Meanwhile, we put forward specific suggestions on the status of the coastal sand dune vegetation in Chinese vegetation classification and vegetation mapping.

关 键 词：砂生植被 砂质海岸 植被退化 植被保护与恢复 植被分类与制图 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]