中国城市管理工作方针的演变与发展趋势  

The Evolution and Development Trend of Urban Management Work Policy in China

作　　者：余池明 曾永光[2] YU Chiming;ZENG Yongguang(National Academy for Mayors of China(Professional Training Institute of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China),Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]全国市长研修学院(住房和城乡建设部干部学院)城市发展研究所,北京100029 [2]全国市长研修学院(住房和城乡建设部干部学院),北京100029

出　　处：《中国名城》2021年第5期14-22,共9页China Ancient City

基　　金：重庆“大城三管”城市管理创新研究--“提升重庆市城市管理水平,助力成渝地区双城经济圈建设”资金支持。

摘　　要：中华人民共和国成立以来,党和政府十分重视城市管理工作,伴随着城市建设和发展的需要,根据不同历史时期城市管理工作的形势和任务的不同,采取了不同的城市管理体制,确定了相应的城市管理方针政策。城市管理体制是建立在经济体制基础上的,与经济体制和政府职能相适应。有什么样的经济体制,就有什么样的城市管理体制。根据1949年以来不同时期的体制和工作特点可以把中国城市管理方针的演变分为为计划经济服务、城建监察兴起、综合执法导向、数字化驱动和城市治理现代化导向五个阶段。每个阶段的城市管理方针都具有鲜明的时代特色和问题导向性。计划经济时期主要是为工业基地和城市生产服务,城建监察时期主要是整治城市交通、市容和卫生秩序,综合执法时期主要是解决多头交叉执法问题,数字城管时期主要是加强指挥、监督和网格化管理,城市治理现代化导向时期主要是重心下移和建立共建共治共享体系。“十四五”时期城市管理要着力在精细化和智能化支撑下向城市治理现代化深化发展。Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the party and government have attached great importance to urban management.With the needs of urban construction and development,different urban management systems and mechanisms have been adopted according to the situation and tasks of urban management in different historical periods.The corresponding urban management guidelines and policies have beenmade.The urban management system is established on the basis of the economic system and is compatible with the economic system and government functions.What kind of economic system there is,there will be a kind of urban management system.According to the system and work characteristics in different periods since 1949,the evolution of China’s urban management policy can be divided into five stages:serving the planned economy,urban construction supervision,comprehensive law enforcement orientation,digital drive and urban governance modernization orientation.The urban management policy at each stage has distinct characteristics of the times and problem orientation.For example,during the planned economy period,it was mainly to serve industrial bases and urban production,and during the period of urban construction supervision,it was mainly to rectify urban traffic,city appearance,and environmental sanitation order.The period of comprehensive law enforcement is mainly to solve the problem of multiple cross-law enforcement.The period of digital urban management is mainly to strengthen command,supervision and grid management.The period of urban governance modernization is mainly to shift the focus and establish a joint construction,co-governance and sharing system.During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period,urban management should focus on deepening the development of urban governance modernization under the support of refined and intelligent management.

关 键 词：城市管理 城市治理 城建监察 数字城管 城市管理工作方针 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] F299.2[经济管理—国民经济]