油田结垢与除垢方法的研究进展  

Research progress on scale formation and descaling in oil field

作　　者：冯辉 刘艳 薛磊 孙敏 Feng Hui;Liu Yan;Xue Lei;Sun Min(Nanniwan Oil Production Plant of Yanchang Oilfield Co.,Ltd.,Yan′an 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]延长油田股份公司南泥湾采油厂,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《能源与环保》2021年第4期188-191,196,共5页CHINA ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金项目(2018JQ5148)。

摘　　要：在油气工业作业中,地表和地下生产设备上的结垢会造成不同的问题,如地层破坏、生产损失、压力降低和井下设备过早失效。由于注入水、原生水和岩石之间的地球化学作用,储层流体组成复杂,难以控制无机垢的形成。碳酸盐(钙)、硫化物(铁、锌)和硫酸盐(钙、钡、锶)在油田应用中更为常见。水垢的形成取决于几个因素,包括但不限于温度、压力、溶液饱和度和流体的水动力特性。重点对已有研究进行了总结,对油田中积垢的形成以及种类进行了描述,并对在石油和天然气工业中使用的不同类型的水垢溶解剂进行了分析,虽然对机械除垢和化学除垢的方法进行了比较,但对使用的化学除垢方法并没有进行详细的讨论。In the oil and gas industry,scaling on surface and underground production equipment will cause different problems,such as formation damage,production loss,pressure reduction and premature failure of downhole equipment.Due to the geochemical interaction between injected water,primary water and rocks,the composition of reservoir fluid is complex,and it is difficult to control the formation of inorganic scale.Carbonate(calcium),sulfide(iron,zinc)and sulfate(calcium,barium,strontium)are more common in oilfield applications.The formation of scale depends on several factors,including but not limited to temperature,pressure,solution saturation and hydrodynamic characteristics of the fluid.This paper mainly summarizes the existing research,describes the formation and types of scale in the oilfield,and analyzes the different types of scale dissolving agents used in the oil and gas industry.Although the methods of mechanical scale removal and chemical scale removal are compared,the chemical scale removal methods used are not discussed in detail.

关 键 词：结垢 无机盐 除垢 油田 

分 类 号：TE39[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]