基于最大熵模型的智利外海竹筴鱼栖息地研究  

Distribution of Chilean jack mackerel(Trachurus murphyi) habitats off Chile based on a maximum entropy model

作　　者：冯志萍 余为[1,2,3,4,5] 陈新军 邹晓荣[1,2,3,4] FENG Zhiping;YU Wei;CHEN Xinjun;ZOU Xiaorong(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [4]农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海201306 [5]农业农村部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海201306

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2021年第4期431-441,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901405);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41906073);上海市自然科学基金项目(19ZR1423000)。

摘　　要：竹筴鱼(Trachurusmurphyi)是一种大洋性鱼类,其资源丰度及分布受海洋环境变化的显著影响,分析其栖息地环境差异对研究其渔场变动具有重要的科学意义。本研究利用2013—2017年每年3—8月智利外海竹筴鱼渔业捕捞数据,结合混合层深度(mixed layer depth, MLD)、海表面高度(sea surface height, SSH)、海表面盐度(sea surface salinity, SSS)及不同水层水温(包括0_m、25_m、50_m、100_m、150_m、200_m、300_m、400_m、500_m)构建最大熵模型,分析竹筴鱼潜在栖息地月间变化,依据各月环境变量贡献率大小选取该月排位前3的关键环境因子,通过竹筴鱼对关键环境因子的响应曲线,获取各月关键环境因子适宜范围以分析栖息地环境的月间差异,最终模拟竹筴鱼的月间栖息地分布。结果表明:竹筴鱼潜在栖息地变动与实际作业位置基本一致,随月份增加逐渐向北移动,3月分布于42°S~47°S之间, 8月延伸到30°S以北区域。各月环境变量贡献率表明关键环境因子具有月间差异性, 3月关键环境因子为Temp_400 m、Temp_500 m、SST;4月为Temp_400 m、Temp_500 m、MLD;5月为Temp_500 m、SST、Temp_400 m;6月为SST、Temp_500 m、Temp_50 m;7月为SST、Temp_300 m、SSH;8月为SSH、Temp_300 m、Temp_100 m,各月关键环境因子适宜范围不同。此外,水温是影响竹筴鱼渔场时空分布的重要因子,不同月份竹筴鱼适宜水温层与其垂直移动特性具有一致性;随竹筴鱼栖息地的北移, SSH的贡献率逐渐增加,这可能与智利南北部分布的海流有一定的关系。Trachurus murphyi is a pelagic fish species,the resource abundance and distribution of which are significantly affected by variations in the marine environment.Accordingly,analyses of the influence of key environmental variables on the fishing grounds of T.murphyi are of particular importance in gaining an understanding of how fishing grounds are altered in response to changes in environment.In this study,we collected fishery data for Chilean T.murphyi from March to August,obtained during the period between 2013 and 2017,from the National distant-water fisheries data center of Shanghai Ocean University,along with data relating to the following 12 environmental factors:mixed layer depth(MLD),sea surface height(SSH),sea surface salinity(SSS),and water temperature at different depths(0,25,50,100,150,200,300,400,and 500 m).Using these data,we examined monthly variations in the potential habitat of Trachurus murphyi based on a maximum entropy model.The key environmental factors in each month were selected according to the proportional contribution of each environmental variable,and the suitable range of key environmental factors was determined on the basis of the response curves of these factors.We also examined monthly variations in the key environmental variables.The results revealed that the spatial changes in potential habitat were essentially consistent with the actual fishing locations,and that habitat hotspots gradually shifted northward during the months from March to August.In March,the potential habitat hotspots were distributed in the waters between 42°S and 47°S,and extended to regions north of 30°S in August.The contribution of environmental variables in each month indicated monthly differences in the key environmental factors,as well as in the suitable environmental ranges.The key environmental factors were identified as Temp 400 m,Temp 500 m,and SST in March;Temp 400 m,Temp 500 m,and MLD in April;Temp 500 m,SST,and Temp 400 m in May;SST,Temp 500 m,and Temp 50 m in June;SST,Temp 300 m,and SSH in July;

关 键 词：智利竹筴鱼 最大熵模型 栖息地时空变动 海洋环境 东南太平洋 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]