约翰·多伦德家族与消色差望远镜  

The family of John Dollond and achromatic telescopes

作　　者：李百乐 LI Baile(Shenzhen Museum)

机构地区：[1]深圳博物馆

出　　处：《科学教育与博物馆》2021年第2期111-116,共6页Science Education and Museums

基　　金：2020年深圳市人力资源和社会保障局出站留(来)深博士后科研资助项目“天文望远镜发展史”的成果之一。

摘　　要：我国博物馆现藏数百架古董望远镜,其中北京天文馆藏有一架19世纪20年代由多伦德家族制造的手持消色差望远镜。约翰·多伦德是18世纪英国著名的光学和天文仪器制造商,其家族在发明并推广消色差透镜方面起了重要作用。这一发明使得折射望远镜的观测能力大大提高,促进了天文学的发展。本文追溯了多伦德家族与消色差望远镜的渊源。17世纪初,望远镜和西方天文学由传教士一同传入中国,但此时望远镜在天文观测的准确性上与裸眼的区别并不大。然而随着清朝西学东渐的逐步衰落,消色差望远镜在发明后,并未成为我国天文观测的主要仪器。There are hundreds of antique telescopes in Chinese museums, among which there is a handheld achromatic refractor in Beijing Planetarium, made by the family of Dollond around 1820. John Dollond was a famous British maker of optical and astronomical instruments in the 18th century. The family of Dollond played an important role in inventing and popularizing achromatic telescopes. Achromatic lens greatly improves the observation ability of refracting telescopes and promotes the development of astronomy. This paper talks about the relation between the family of Dollond and achromatic refractors. Telescopes were introduced into China by missionaries in the early 17th century, along with the western astronomy. Before the decline of western learning in the Qing Dynasty, achromatic telescopes had not been invented. At this time, the accuracy of astronomical observation with telescopes was not different too much from that with naked eyes, so telescopes did not become main instruments of astronomical observation in China.

关 键 词：天文仪器 折射望远镜 消色差望远镜 约翰·多伦德 

分 类 号：P111[天文地球—天文学]