国内外优秀游泳运动员竞技年龄特征对比与分析研究  

Comparative Study on Competitive Age Characteristics of Elite Swimmers at Home and Abroad

作　　者：胡义丰 李艳茹[1] Hu Yifeng;Li Yanru(Sport College of Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an,710100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学体育学院,陕西西安710100

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2021年第5期105-110,共6页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：本文采用文献资料、数据统计法、比较分析法、专家访谈法与个案分析法,并收集2011年、2012年、2015年全国游泳冠军赛,2013年全运会游泳比赛,2011年、2013年、2015年世界游泳锦标赛和2012年伦敦奥运会游泳比赛进入前八名的国内外游泳运动员。通过对比,重点研究国内外运动员的最佳竞技年龄段,并对国内外优秀游泳运动员的年龄特征进行对比与客观的研究分析。通过研究发现,我国优秀游泳运动员的竞技年龄趋于年轻化,而造成我国运动员年轻化的重要原因之一是运动寿命较短。我国游泳运动员运动寿命短以及过早退役都会影响游泳项目的发展。通过专家访谈法结合数据分析,提出运动员年轻化的影响因素包括:1.我国游泳运动的管理体制问题;2.我国游泳运动员的训练方法及手段;3.我国游泳运动员的伤病影响;4.我国游泳教练员及运动员的心理因素。建议:1.制定更有利于运动员发展的管理体制;2.合理的训练手段与方法;3.安排科学的医务监督;4.转变教练员与运动员对竞技年龄的固有观念。This paper adopts the methods of literature,data statistics,comparative analysis,expert interview and case analysis,and collects the top eight domestic and foreign swimmers who entered the 2011,2012,2015 National Swimming Championship,2013 National Games,2011,2013,2015 World Swimming Championships and 2012 London Olympic Games.It focusses on the best competitive age of domestic and foreign athletes,and the age characteristics of domestic and foreign excellent swimmers are compared and analyzed objectively.Through the research,it is found that the competitive age of Chinese elite swimmers tends to be younger,and one of the important reasons for the younger of Chinese swimmers is the shorter sports life.The shorter sports life and early retirement of Chinese swimmers will affect the development of swimming events.Through expert interview and data analysis,the influencing factors for the younger in age of swimmers are proposed as follows:the management system of Chinese swimming,the training methods and means of Chinese swimmers,the injury influence,and the psychological factors of Chinese swimming coaches and athletes.It is suggested that:1.Establish a management system that is more conducive to the development of athletes;2.Carry out reasonable training means and methods;3.Arrange scientific medical supervision;4.Change the inherent concept of competitive age between coaches and athletes.

关 键 词：优秀游泳运动员 年龄特征 年龄特征对比研究 

分 类 号：G861.1[文化科学—体育训练]