对我国突发公共卫生事件应急机制的法律思考  

Legal thinking on the emergency mechanism of public health emergencies in our country

作　　者：张玫瑰[1] 陈莉 ZHANG Mei-gui;CHEN Li(School of Law , Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学法学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《湖北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第3期32-37,共6页Journal of Hubei Normal University（Philosophy and Social Science）

摘　　要：我国当前突发公共卫生事件应急机制在法律规范和机制建设方面均存在有一定问题,突出表现为法律制度的不完善,主要包括相关立法内容滞后、法律位阶低、法律缺失、行政行为等问题。这些表象背后还隐藏着深层次的权力(国家行政应急权)与权利(公民权利)之间难以把握的矛盾关系,在突发公共卫生事件应急处理过程中,公民对国家行政机关具有超出以往的高度依赖性,行政应急权的异化、扩张问题就难以避免,行政应急权的运行应当以最低限度的公民权利保障为基础,因此如何考量行政应急权与公民权利、公共利益与个人利益之间的关系成为构建相关法律制度的根本问题。本文以此次“新冠”疫情防控为研究背景,以权力与权利的关系为视角,对我国突发公共卫生事件应急机制存在的法律问题进行剖析。Our country’s current emergency mechanism of public health emergencies in the legal norms and mechanism construction has some problems,which are prominently manifested in the imperfection of the legal system,mainly including the relevant legislative content lag,low legal status,lack of law,administrative behavior,etc.Behind these appearances,there is a deep-seated contradiction between power(national administrative emergency power)and rights(civil rights),which are difficult to be grasped.In the process of emergency treatment of public health emergencies,because citizens have a higher degree of dependence on state administrative agencies than before,the alienation and expansion of administrative emergency power is inevitable.The operation of administrative emergency power should be based on the minimum protection of civil rights.Therefore,how to consider the relationship between administrative emergency power and civil rights,public interests and personal interests become a fundamental issue in the construction of related legal systems.This article takes the prevention and control of the“COVID-19”epidemic as the research background,and it analyzes the legal problems existing in the emergency mechanism of public health emergencies in our country from the perspective of the relationship between power and rights.

关 键 词：突发公共卫生事件应急 法律 权力 权利 

分 类 号：DF3[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]