挥发性化合物介导的植物-植食性昆虫-天敌三级营养级互作机制及应用  

Mechanisms and Applications of Plant-Herbivore-Natural Enemy Tritrophic Interactions Mediated by Volatile Organic Compounds

作　　者：王冰[1] 李慧敏 操海群[2] 王桂荣[1] WANG Bing;LI HuiMin;CAO HaiQun;WANG GuiRong(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193;College of Plant Protection,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]安徽农业大学植物保护学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第8期1653-1672,共20页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2019YFE0105800);国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目(31725023);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(31861133019);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(31621064)。

摘　　要：农业生态系统中植物-植食性昆虫-天敌三级营养级间存在复杂的互作关系,挥发性化合物在三级营养级互作中发挥着重要作用。植食性昆虫能够以植物挥发物为化学线索精准地识别和定位寄主,而虫害诱导的挥发物作为关键的化学信息物质对于调控三级营养级关系起到不可或缺的作用,一直是该领域研究的重点和热点问题。另外,植物为传粉昆虫提供花粉或者花蜜,传粉昆虫可以通过识别花中挥发物寻找食物来源,在帮助植物传粉的同时有利于自身的生长发育与繁殖。近40年来,随着传统化学生态学研究的不断深入,特别是化学分析手段和灵敏度的不断提高以及电生理研究技术的广泛渗入,新的研究理念、研究手段快速形成与发展。在三级营养级互作的过程中,昆虫化学感受基因参与了对挥发性化合物的识别。因此,对昆虫化学感受基因的挖掘与功能鉴定将有助于解析昆虫化学感受的分子机制,研发更高效的昆虫行为调控产品并科学合理地应用于农业害虫的绿色防控,对于农田生态环境的保护具有十分重要的意义。本文综述了挥发性化合物对植食性昆虫、天敌昆虫与传粉昆虫行为的影响,详述了挥发物介导的三级营养级之间的互作机制与研究现状,以及在害虫绿色防控中的应用,并对未来重点研究的问题进行了展望。The complicated interaction among plant,herbivore,and natural enemy is widespread in an agroecosystem.Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)play an important role in tritrophic interactions.Herbivores precisely distinguish and locate host plant through the emission of chemical cues.It is a research priority and highlight that herbivore-induced plant volatiles(HIPVs)acting as a key chemical cue play an indispensable role in regulating interactions.Moreover,floral attractants are the chemical cues used by pollinators to locate flowers and the food reward such as pollen and nectar that flowering plants offer,and they help to increase the probability of pollination and their development and fecundity.Over the last four decades,the novel research concepts and techniques are rapidly developed with the deep progress of traditional chemical ecology,especially improving in method and sensibility of chemical analysis,and widespread penetration of electrophysiological techniques.In tritrophic interactions,a large of chemosensory genes of insects involve in the process of chemoreception to VOCs.Hence,the discovery of putative chemosensory genes and further functional characterizations give the way for elucidating the molecular basis of chemoreception,and developing high-efficiency behavior regulation products for reasonable and environmentally friendly control of agricultural pest.It matters a great deal to the agroecosystem protection.This article summarized behavioural effects of herbivore,natural enemy and pollinator to VOCs,and illustrated mechanism and research status of tritrophic interactions mediated by VOCs,and reviewed applications in environmentally friendly prevention and control of insect pests.The last part is to look into the future of key issues.

关 键 词：虫害诱导的挥发物 植食性昆虫 天敌昆虫 三级营养级互作 传粉昆虫 气味受体 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]