不同栽培时期收割的玉米青贮料对肉牛生长性能、养分消化及甲烷排放的影响  

Effects of ensiling of corn harvested at different cultivation stages on growth performance,nutrient digestion and methane emission of beef cattle

作　　者：于新芹 路晓云 王鹏翔 YU Xinqin;LU Xiaoyun;WANG Pengxiang(Anyang Agricultural Environment Monitoring Station,Anyang,Henan Province 455000,China;Anyang Animal Products Quality and Safety Monitoring and Inspection,Anyang,Henan Province 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省安阳市农业环境监测站,河南安阳455000 [2]河南省安阳市畜产品质量安全监测检验中心,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《中国饲料》2021年第8期21-24,共4页China Feed

摘　　要：本研究旨在用不同栽培时期收割的玉米青贮后作为原料饲喂肉牛,评估其对肉牛生长性能、养分消化及甲烷排放的影响。试验将(528.98±0.21)kg的75头荷斯坦肉牛随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头。T1~T4组饲喂不同栽培时期收割的玉米青贮料,同时每天每头补充2.5 kg浓缩料,T5组自由采食浓缩料,同时每天每头补充1.9 kg青贮牧草,饲喂期为15周。结果:T2组干物质和青贮料的摄入量均显著高于其他组(P<0.05),而T2和T5组代谢能摄入量显著高于其他组(P<0.05),T5组蛋白质摄入量最高(P<0.05)。T2组肉牛的日增重显著高于T1、T3和T4组(P<0.05),T5组肉牛的末重、胴体重和饲料效率显著高于T1、T3和T4组(P<0.05)。T5组干物质、粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维体外消化效率最高(P<0.05),同时T5组淀粉体外消化效率显著高于T2、T3和T4组(P<0.05)。此外,T5组甲烷排放重量、甲烷产量/采食量及甲烷产量/胴体增重最低(P<0.05),该组甲烷产量/总能摄入量也显著低于T1、T2和T3组(P<0.05)。结论:用早栽培收割的玉米青贮后饲喂肉牛可以显著改善饲料效率,且早栽培收割的玉米青贮后饲喂肉牛可以降低甲烷排放量。The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of silage of maize harvested at different cultivation stages on growth performance,nutrient digestion and methane emission in beef cattle.A total of 75 Holstein beef cattle weighing 528.98±0.21 kg were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 5 cows in each replicate.The T1~T4 group was fed silage corn at different harvest cultivation stages,and 2.5kg concentrated material was supplemented per head per day,while the T5 group was free to collect concentrated material,and 1.9kg silage forage was supplemented per head per day for 15 weeks.Results:The intake of dry matter and silage in T2 group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),while the intake of metabolic energy in T2 and T5 groups was significantly higher than that of other group(s P<0.05),and protein intake in T5 group was the highest(P<0.05).The daily weight gain of beef cattle in T2 group was significantly higher than that in T1,T3 and T4 groups(P<0.05),and the final weight,carcass weight and feed efficiency of beef cattle in T5 group were significantly higher than those in T1,T3 and T4 groups(P<0.05).The in vitro digestion efficiency of dry matter,crude protein and neutral washing fiber was the highest in the T5 group(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the in vitro digestion efficiency of starch in the T5 group was significantly higher than that of the T2,T3 and T4 groups(P<0.05).In addition,the T5 group showed the lowest methane emission weight,methane yield/feed intake and methane yield/carcass weight gain(P<0.05),and the methane yield/total energy intake of the T5 group was also significantly lower than that of the T1,T2 and T3 groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Feeding beef cattle after silage of forward harvested cultivation corn can significantly improve feed efficiency,and feeding beef cattle after silage of forward harvested cultivation corn can reduce methane emission.

关 键 词：栽培时间 青贮玉米 肉牛 生长性能 养分消化 甲烷排放 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]