甲基硫菌灵和百菌清浸苗防治甘薯黑斑病的影响因素分析  

Influencing factors of dipping seedling dip with thiophanate-methyl and chlorothalonil against the black rot of sweet potato

作　　者：张德胜[1] 白瑞英[1] 乔奇[1] 田雨婷[1] 王永江[1] 王爽[1] 张振臣[1] ZHANG Desheng;BAI Ruiying;QIAO Qi;TIAN Yuting;WANG Yongjiang;WANG Shuang;ZHANG Zhenchen(Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control/IPM Key Laboratory in Southern Part of North China for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,河南省农作物病虫害防治重点实验室,农业农村部华北南部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,郑州450002

出　　处：《农药学学报》2021年第2期331-340,共10页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：国家现代农业(甘薯)产业技术体系(CARS-10-B13);河南省农业科学院自主创新基金(2021ZC38)。

摘　　要：为分析杀菌剂浸苗时各因素对甘薯黑斑病发生的影响,探讨根据药剂类型优化浸苗技术的必要性,选择内吸性的甲基硫菌灵和非内吸性的百菌清开展浸苗试验,通过单因素试验确定浸苗时间和药液质量浓度对防治效果的影响,通过正交试验比较浸苗时间、药液浓度、孢子浓度对甘薯黑斑病发病的影响,利用浸苗时间与药液浓度的组合试验,探讨浸苗条件与防治效果的变化关系,并在病圃中验证部分试验结论。结果表明:当甲基硫菌灵浸苗时间少于6 h、百菌清浸苗时间少于3 h时,对甘薯黑斑病的防治效果随浸苗时间延长而增加;当甲基硫菌灵药液浓度低于600 mg/L、百菌清药液浓度低于700 mg/L时,对甘薯黑斑病的防治效果随药液浓度提高而增加。使用甲基硫菌灵浸苗时,各因素对薯苗发病的影响由强到弱为孢子浓度>浸苗时间>药液浓度;而使用百菌清浸苗时,则表现为孢子浓度>药液浓度>浸苗时间,三因素对薯苗发病的影响均达到极显著水平。甲基硫菌灵700 mg/L与400 mg/L处理间的防治效果差距随浸苗时间延长逐渐加大,最高相差26.8%;浸苗时间360 min与30 min处理间的防治效果差距也随药液质量浓度的提高而逐渐加大,最高相差42.8%,而百菌清的试验结果无上述两种趋势。病圃验证试验中,甲基硫菌灵和百菌清浸苗6 h处理的防治效果分别达到83.6%和85.2%,单株鲜重分别为60.1 g和58.8 g,均显著高于其他处理;浸苗2 h和10 min时,百菌清的防治效果均显著高于甲基硫菌灵,与盆栽试验结果一致。研究表明,在浸苗防治甘薯黑斑病时,浸苗时间、药液质量浓度、孢子浓度均为影响防治效果的关键因素,各因素对发病的影响随药剂类型的不同而变化。甲基硫菌灵对浸苗时间的要求显著高于百菌清。不同类型杀菌剂需配套相应的浸苗技术才能保证药效发挥。In this work, the effects of different factors on the infection of black rot of sweet potato seedlings were investigated and the necessity of optimizing seedling dip technology according to the types of fungicides was studied. Thiophanate-methyl with internal absorption activity and chlorothalonil without internal absorption activity were used in our experiments. Firstly, the control efficiencies on black rot of sweet potato seedlings using different dipping time and pesticide concentrations were determined, respectively. Secondly, the orthogonal experiments were conducted to envaluate the effects of dipping time, treatment concentration and spore concentration by measuring the disease index.Thirdly, the relationship between the dipping conditions and the control efficiencies was explored by the combination experiments of the dipping time and the treatment concentration. Finally, the control efficiencies of dipping seedlings were verified by the experiments in the disease nursery. When the dipping time was less than 6 h for the thiophanate-methyl group and less than 3 h for the chlorothalonil group, the control efficiencies against black rot of sweet potato seedlings increased with the dipping time. Similarly, When the treatment concentrations were less than 600 mg/L for the thiophanate-methyl group and less than 700 mg/L for the chlorothalonil group, their control efficiencies increased with the treatment concentrations. For the thiophanate-methyl group, the effects of spore concentration, dipping time and the pesticide concentration on the occurrence of disease were weakened successively.Whereas, for the chlorothalonil group, the effects of spore concentration, pesticide concentration and dipping time on the occurrence of disease were weakened successively. All three factors had significant effects on the occurrence of disease. The gap of control efficiencies between 700 mg/L and 400 mg/L of thiophanate-methyl widened with dipping time, and the maximum value was 26.8%. The gap of control efficiencies between 36

关 键 词：甲基硫菌灵 百菌清 浸苗 甘薯黑斑病 甘薯长喙壳菌 影响因素 

分 类 号：S482.2[农业科学—农药学]