山东省居民高盐饮食对死亡和期望寿命的影响  

Deaths and life expectancy losses attributed to high-salt diet in Shandong province

作　　者：张吉玉[1] 张丙银 唐俊利[1] 高丛丛[1] 董静[1] 任杰[1] 郭晓雷[1] 徐爱强[1] Zhang Jiyu;Zhang Bingyin;Tang Junli;Gao Congcong;Dong Jing;Ren Jie;Guo Xiaolei;Xu Aiqiang(Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ji'nan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省疾病预防控制中心,济南250014

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2021年第3期527-530,共4页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：山东省科技发展计划(2012GSF11828);山东省医药卫生计划(2013WS0168)。

摘　　要：目的分析山东省居民归因高盐饮食相关疾病死亡和寿命损失。方法利用2016年山东省与原卫生部联合减盐防控高血压项目终末期评估调查获得的24 h尿钠和血压值,结合2016年全省居民死因监测数据,按照比较风险评估理论,计算各类疾病归因分值(PAF)和因高盐饮食导致死亡,利用寿命表法计算归因期望寿命损失。结果2016年山东省因高盐饮食导致死亡32987人,占相关疾病死亡的11.74%,占全部死亡的4.95%。男性因高盐死亡比例(13.51%)高于女性(9.17%)。高盐饮食导致死亡的疾病主要是心脑血管疾病(90.82%),其次为胃癌(8.10%)和慢性肾病(1.08%)。城市居民PAF(13.87%)高于农村(10.87%)。高盐饮食导致山东省居民期望寿命减少0.58岁。高盐饮食所致不同疾病对期望寿命损失作用不同,缺血性心脏病位居首位,其次为脑出血和脑梗死。结论山东省居民归因高盐饮食死亡的比例较高,心脑血管疾病是高盐饮食导致死亡的重要原因。高盐饮食严重影响山东省居民健康,还需加强减盐干预工作。Objective To estimate the deaths and life expectancy losses attributed to diet with high salt in Shandong province.Methods Based on 24 h urinary sodium and blood pressure levels from the final evaluation survey of Shandong-Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension Project(SMASH)in 2016 and death cause data from Shandong Mortality Surveillance System,the population attributable fractions(PAF)and the deaths due to high-salt diet were calculated based on the framework of comparative risk assessment and the life expectancy loss was calculated by life table method.Results A total of 32987 deaths caused by high-salt diets were reported in 2016,accounting for 11.74%of related disease deaths and 4.95%of all deaths.The proportion of deaths due to high-salt diet in men(13.51%)was higher than that in women(9.17%).Cardiovascular diseases were the major causes of deaths due to high salt diet,accounting for 90.82%of all disease deaths caused by high-salt diets.The other causes were gastric cancer(8.10%)and chronic kidney disease(1.08%).The PAF in urban residents(13.87%)was higher than that in rural residents(10.87%).A loss of 0.58 years of the life expectancy were attributed to the high-salt diet.The different diseases caused by high-salt diet had different effects on life expectancy loss,ischemic heart disease ranked first,followed by cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction.Conclusions The proportion of deaths attributed to high-salt diets was high in Shandong.Cardiovascular diseases were the most important causes of deaths caused by high-salt diets.High-salt diet is still seriously affecting the health of residents in Shandong,indicating that salt reduction interventions need to be strengthened.

关 键 词：高盐饮食 死亡 期望寿命 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]