无序的新境界:高熵陶瓷  

Non-order is the New Order:High-entropy Ceramics

作　　者：张国军 王玉金[2] ZHANG Guojun;WANG Yujin(Institute of Functional Materials,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Institute for Advanced Ceramics,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学功能材料研究中心,上海201620 [2]哈尔滨工业大学特种陶瓷研究所,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《无机材料学报》2021年第4期337-338,共2页Journal of Inorganic Materials

摘　　要：人类社会的进步与发展对材料性能提出了越来越高的要求,这是激励人们探索新的材料设计理论并开发新材料体系的原动力。近年来,性能优异的新材料不断涌现,并相继成为研究热点,由高熵合金发展而来的高熵陶瓷就是典型代表之一。2004年,中国台湾清华大学叶均蔚和英国牛津大学Cantor两个课题组几乎同时提出了高熵合金(High-entropy alloys)的概念。他们发现将(近)等原子比的多种合金元素高温熔炼,容易形成金属原子随机分布的面心立方、体心立方和六角密堆等具有简单晶体结构的单相固溶体,阻止了金属间化合物的生成,显示出典型的高熵效应。此后人们进一步归纳出高熵合金的四大效应,即热力学上的高熵效应、晶体学上的晶格畸变效应、动力学上的迟滞扩散效应和性能上的“鸡尾酒”效应。与传统合金相比,高熵合金表现出良好的结构稳定性、优异的力学性能以及功能特性,引发了材料界研究高熵材料的热潮。The development of human society poses increasingly stringent requirements for material performances,motivating ever deeper exploration of novel design theories and material systems.Nowadays,state-of-the-art materials with excellent performances constantly emerge as research hotspots,of which high-entropy ceramics,originated from high-entropy alloys,are one typical representative.The concept of high-entropy alloys was proposed in 2004 by two independent research groups,Jien-Wei Yeh’s group at Taiwan Tsing Hua University,China,and Brian Cantor’s group at Oxford University,UK.They found that seemingly disorderly groups of alloying elements with(near)equal atomic ratios can solidify into single-phase solid solutions with a simple crystal structure such as face-centered cubic,body-centered cubic,or hexagonal close-packed structure,and thus prevented the formation of intermetallic compounds,which demonstrated typical high-entropy effects.In the following years,the four core effects of high-entropy alloys were further proposed,namely the high-entropy effect in thermodynamics,the lattice distortion effect in crystallography,the sluggish diffusion effect in kinetics,and the“cocktail”effect in material performance.With enhanced structural stability,improved mechanical and functional properties,this rising star in the world of material science has evoked an upsurge of high-entropy material research.

关 键 词：单相固溶体 高熵合金 英国牛津大学 高温熔炼 体心立方 金属原子 面心立方 晶格畸变 

分 类 号：TQ174.1[化学工程—陶瓷工业]