中国抗日战争的中流砥柱——美国卡尔逊上尉对中共敌后抗日根据地的考察及认知  

The Communist Party of China is the Mainstay in China's Anti-Japanese War Carlson's Survey and Opinions on the CPC's Base Filed

作　　者：胡德坤[1,2,3] 卢晓娜 Hu Dekun;Lu Xiaona(Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院,湖北武汉430072 [3]武汉大学历史学院,湖北武汉430072 [4]加州大学伯克利分校历史系

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第3期19-29,共11页Wuhan University Journal：Philosophy & Social Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(16KZD020)。

摘　　要：受美国总统罗斯福之托,美国海军上尉埃文斯·福代斯·卡尔逊在1937年底至1938年间两次造访中共敌后抗日根据地,先后参观了山西八路军总部、中共中央所在地延安,以及绥远、察哈尔等地。在跨越数千公里的漫长行程中,卡尔逊详细记录了在中共抗日根据地的见闻及感受。他对中共抗战有了客观而深刻的认识,并将考察结果以信件形式直接呈报白宫。作为首位到访中共敌后抗日根据地的美国军官,卡尔逊的观察信件为美国高层展现了一个全新的中共及敌后战场。卡尔逊认为,中国人民的抗战必将取得胜利,中国共产党会成为抗战的主要动力。他还预言:中国的未来是属于中共的,中国共产党是中国国家力量的源泉,中共使中国有了成为世界伟大强国的希望。Entrusted by President Roosevelt,the Naval Officer Evans Fordyce Carlson came to China twice from 1937 to 1938.During his stay,he visited the bases behind the enemy's lines like the head-quarter of the Eighth Route Army in Shanxi,and the home of the central CPC in Yan'an,as well as Suiyuan and Chahar.Carlson's travel covered almost a few thousand miles of China's territory,during which he kept a detailed record of what he saw,heard and felt,and sent it directly to Roosevelt's private secretary,LeHand in the form of correspondences.It can be observed from the correspondences that Roosevelt showed a deep interest in Carlson's reports.As the first American Military Officer who visited anti-Japanese bases,Carlson's letters of observation provided a brand new image of the Communist Party of China and battlefields behind enemy lines for American top leaders,which is really a far cry from the National Government's usual propaganda.In the letters to Roosevelt,Carlson presented his viewpoints:the Chinese people's Anti-Japanese War will absolutely be a total victory,the CPC is the hope of China's resistance against Japanese aggression,and the Communist Party is the source of China's national strength.Apart from that,Carlson also clearly made three predictions:China's future lies in CPC's side,CPC is the source of national strength in China and is the hope to lead China to become a powerful nation in the world.

关 键 词：卡尔逊 抗日战争 抗日根据地 中共抗战 中流砥柱 

分 类 号：K265.1[历史地理—历史学]