中哈俄阿尔泰稀有金属矿床时空分布、成因及成矿规律  

Temporal-spatial Distribution, Genesis and Metallogenic Regularity ofthe Rare Metal Deposits in Altay of China, Kazakhstan and Russia

作　　者：申萍[1,2,3] 潘鸿迪 李昌昊[1,2] 冯浩轩[1,2] 罗耀清 马华东 索青宇 白应雄[1,2] 武阳 SHEN Ping;PAN Hong-di;LI Chang-hao;FENG Hao-xuan;LUO Yao-qing;MA Hua-dong;SUO Qing-yu;BAI Ying-xiong;WU Yang(Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Innovation Academy of Earth Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;School of Earth Science and Resources,Chang an University,Xi an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Xinjiang Natural Resources and Ecological Environment Research Center,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院地球科学研究院,北京100029 [4]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西西安710054 [5]新疆自然资源与生态环境研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《地球科学与环境学报》2021年第3期487-505,共19页Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(91962213);上海合作组织国际科技合作计划项目(2020E01043);中国科学院国际伙伴计划项目(132A11KYSB20190070);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0604004)。

摘　　要：中哈俄阿尔泰发育许多大型—超大型稀有金属矿床,是世界著名的稀有金属成矿省。该成矿省可分为3个稀有金属成矿带,自西南向东北依次为哈萨克斯坦Kalba-Narym、中国阿尔泰和俄罗斯山区阿尔泰等。这3个成矿带稀有金属矿床以伟晶岩型为主,但伟晶岩与花岗岩关系及其伟晶岩成因不一致:在哈萨克斯坦Kalba-Narym成矿带和俄罗斯山区阿尔泰成矿带,矿区发育同期的花岗岩,伟晶岩是花岗质岩浆分异演化的产物;而在中国阿尔泰成矿带,矿区未见同期的花岗岩,伟晶岩成因有变质深熔和岩浆分异结晶两种不同认识。这3个成矿带稀有金属矿床的成矿规律也有差异:在成矿时代上,自西南向东北,矿床形成分别集中在二叠纪、三叠纪和晚三叠世—早侏罗世,成矿时代逐渐变新;在成矿类型和元素组合上,哈萨克斯坦Kalba-Narym成矿带和中国阿尔泰成矿带的稀有金属矿床以伟晶岩型为主,元素组合分别为Ta-Nb-Be-Li和Be-Li-Nb-Ta(-Cs-Rb-Hf),俄罗斯山区阿尔泰成矿带稀有金属矿床则以云英岩型钼钨(铍)矿床为主,有少量的伟晶岩型锂钽矿床。Many large and super-large rare metal deposits are located in Altay of China,Kazakhstan and Russia,which is a famous rare metal metallogenic province in the world.The metallogenic province can be divided into three metallogenic belts,namely,Kazakhstan Kalba-Narym metallogenic belt,China Altay metallogenic belt and Russia Gorny Altay metallogenic belt,from southwest to northeast.These metallogenic belts are characterized by predominant pegmatite-type rare metal deposits,but have different relationship between pegmatite and granite,and differ in the genesis of ore-forming pegmatite.The ore-forming pegmatites are produced by the differentiation of granitic magma in Kazakhstan Kalba-Narym and Russia Gorny Altay metallogenic belts based on the same time granites around the rare metal deposits.However,the ore-forming pegmatites could be formed by metamorphic anatexis or magmatic fractional crystallization in China Altay metallogenic belt,because the same time granites in the rare metal deposits have not been recognized.These metallogenic belts also differ in metallogenic regularities of the rare metal deposits.The mineralization ages of the rare metal deposits are concentrated in Permian,Triassic and Late Triassic-Early Jurassic,respectively,gradually being young from southwest to northeast.Most rare metal deposits in Kazakhstan Kalba-Narym and China Altay metallogenic belts are pegmatite-type,and the rare metal associations are Ta-Nb-Be-Li and Be-Li-Nb-Ta(-Cs-Rb-Hf),respectively,while the rare metal deposits in Russia Gorny Altay metallogenic belt are mainly greisen-type Mo-W(Be)deposits with a small amount of pegmatite-type Li-Ta deposits.

关 键 词：稀有金属矿床 花岗岩 伟晶岩 成矿时代 矿床成因 成矿规律 成矿带 阿尔泰 

分 类 号：P612[天文地球—矿床学]