柴达木盆地南缘和北缘金属矿产资源地球物理勘查进展  

Geophysical Exploration of Mineral Deposits in the Northern and Southern Margins of Qaidam Basin, China

作　　者：潘彤 喻忠鸿 薛国强 刘红涛[3,4,5] 周楠楠[3,4,5] 孟军海 PAN Tong;YU Zhong-hong;XUE Guo-qiang;LIU Hong-tao;ZHOU Nan-nan;MENG Jun-hai(Bureau of Geological Exploration and Development of Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,Qinghai,China;The Third Geological Exploration Institute of Qinghai Province,Xining 810000,Qinghai,China;Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Innovation Academy of Earth Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省地质矿产勘查开发局,青海西宁810001 [2]青海省第三地质勘查院,青海西宁810000 [3]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室,北京100029 [4]中国科学院地球科学研究院,北京100029 [5]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《地球科学与环境学报》2021年第3期568-586,共19页Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment

基　　金：青海省重大科技专项项目(2016-SF-A3);青海省地质勘查基金项目(2017042014ky014)。

摘　　要：柴达木盆地南缘和北缘地处秦祁昆成矿域西段,成矿条件优越,地质构造复杂。总结分析柴达木盆地南缘和北缘找矿模型和地球物理勘探现状,对深部找矿突破具有重大指导意义。柴达木盆地南缘和北缘矿床成因以喷流沉积型多金属矿、岩浆熔离型镍铜钴矿、沉积型铁矿、层控型铅锌矿及热液型多金属矿为主。矿床形成时代分为前寒武纪、早古生代早中期、晚古生代、中生代4个时期,其成矿动力学机制包括伸展、挤压、局部伸展-挤压。由于矿体与围岩之间具有一定的物性差异,根据柴达木盆地南缘和北缘不同物性分布及成矿地质条件,优选重力、磁法、电法、地震等有效的地球物理方法进行探测,取得了一定的找矿效果。以夏日哈木镍铜矿床、锡铁山铅锌矿床、野马泉铁多金属矿床3个典型矿区为例,解剖当前柴达木盆地南缘和北缘矿产资源地质和地球物理找矿进展,并进一步指出今后的发展方向,包括移动平台探测技术、多分辨电磁探测理论与技术、综合地球物理数据联合反演技术以及人工智能与云计算技术等。The northern and southern margins of Qaidam Basin are located in the western part of Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun metallogenic domain with superior metallogenic conditions and complex geological structures.It is of great significance to summarize the metallogenic model and geophysical exploration development in the northern and southern margins of Qaidam Basin,and to make a breakthrough in prospection of deep resources.The genesis of deposit around the northern and southern margins of Qaidam Basin is dominated by exhalative sedimentary polymetallic deposit,magmatic dissociative Ni-Cu-Co deposit,sedimentary Fe deposit,stratabound Pb-Zn deposit and hydrothermal polymetallic deposit.The metallogenetic epoch of deposits can be divided into four periods,including Precambrian,early and middle period of Early Paleozoic,Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic;and the metallogenic dynamic mechanisms include extension,compression and local extension-compression.There are obvious physical differences between orebody and host rock.According to the different physical distribution and metallogenic geological conditions in the northern and southern margins of Qaidam Basin,the effective geophysical methods such as gravity,magnetic,electrical and seismic methods are selected,and a certain deposits have been discovered.Three typical mining areas including Xiarihamu Ni-Cu deposit,Xitieshan Pb-Zn deposit and Yemaquan Fe-polymetallic deposit are taken as examples to analyze the present progress of mineral resources geology and geophysical prospecting in Qaidam Basin.The future direction of geophysics is to develop mobile platform detection,theory and technology of multi-resolution electromagnetic detection,joint inversion technology of integrated geophysical data,and technology of artifical intelligence and cloud computing.

关 键 词：地球物理勘查 金属矿床 成矿模型 发展方向 夏日哈木 锡铁山 野马泉 柴达木盆地 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]