壳聚糖对苹果幼树根区土壤养分活化及其养分吸收的影响  

Effects of Chitosan on Soil Nutrient Activation in Root Area and Nutrient Uptake of Young Apple Trees

作　　者：曹琪 孟姝婷 桑金盛 李昊 宋书婷 范伟国[1] 杨洪强[1] Cao Qi;Meng Shuting;Sang Jinsheng;Li Hao;Song Shuting;Fan Weiguo;Yang Hongqiang(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Taian 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第4期78-83,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1000103);国家自然科学基金项目(31772251)。

摘　　要：本试验以苹果幼树为试材,设置0、5、10、15、25、40mg/kg壳聚糖土施处理,研究苹果根区土壤酶及根系相关酶活性和其养分变化。结果表明,壳聚糖施入后,土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均明显增加;同时,明显提高土壤多种酶活性,15mg/kg壳聚糖处理的土壤蛋白酶和脲酶活性较高,25mg/kg处理的土壤酸性磷酸酶、硝酸还原酶活性最高。15~25mg/kg浓度处理的根系硝酸还原酶、酸性磷酸酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性明显增强。苹果幼树叶片中营养元素含量在不同时期均明显增加,其中25~40mg/kg浓度壳聚糖有利于大量元素(N、P、K)及中微量元素(Fe、Ca)的吸收,15~25mg/kg处理有利于Mg、Zn、Cu等元素的吸收。综上,壳聚糖土施可改善和活化土壤养分,增强多种土壤酶活性和根系酶活性,促进苹果幼树根系对养分的吸收。The changes of activities of soil enzymes and related enzymes and soil nutrients in the root zone of young apple trees were studied under the condition of chitosan application in soil.Six application rates of chitosan were set as 0,5,10,15,25,40 mg/kg.The contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil increased obviously after chitosan application.At the same time,chitosan application significantly increased the activities of many soil enzymes,and the activities of soil protease and soil urease were greater under the 15 mg/kg of chitosan treatment.The soil acid phosphatase and nitrate reductase activities of 25 mg/kg treatment were the highest.The activities of nitrate reductase,acid phosphatase and glutamine synthetase in apple roots significantly increased under the medium and high concentration treatments.The contents of nutrient elements in the leaves of young apple trees increased obviously in different periods,and the higher concentration of chitosan(25 mg/kg)was beneficial to the absorption of large amount of elements(N,P,K)and medium amount elements(Fe,Ca),while the medium concentration of chitosan(15~25 mg/kg)was beneficial to the absorption of Mg,Zn and Cu.Soil application of chitosan improved and activated soil nutrients,enhanced soil enzyme activities and root enzyme activities,and promoted root uptake of nutrients in young apple trees.

关 键 词：壳聚糖 苹果幼树 土壤酶 土壤养分 根系吸收 

分 类 号：S145.9[农业科学—肥料学]