不同颜色地膜对葱地种蝇的控制作用  

Control Effect of Colored Plastic Films on Delia antiqua

作　　者：仇延鑫 贾志飞 王燕[1] 李冰 赵海朋[1] 薛明[1] Qiu Yanxin;Jia Zhifei;Wang Yan;Li Bing;Zhao Haipeng;Xue Ming(College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第4期125-130,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YED0200900)。

摘　　要：葱地种蝇是大蒜生产中的重要地下害虫。为筛选出对葱地种蝇具有控制效果的有色地膜,本试验比较蒜田覆盖5种不同颜色地膜对葱地种蝇种群的影响,并测定不同颜色地膜对葱地种蝇成虫选择性、活动特征和繁殖的影响。结果表明:蒜田覆盖不同颜色地膜对葱地种蝇种群数量的影响不同,与透明地膜相比,覆盖银灰色和银黑色地膜可显著抑制蒜田葱地种蝇发生,其种群数量较透明地膜分别降低69.31%和42.08%;而覆盖蓝色和黑色地膜则加重葱地种蝇发生,其种群数量分别较透明地膜增加123.27%和50.99%。田间选择性试验结果显示,银灰色和银黑色地膜对葱地种蝇成虫有明显的驱避作用,其对银灰色和银黑色地膜的选择率分别为5.93%和10.61%,均显著低于对透明地膜的选择率(17.11%);室内选择试验结果与田间试验结果趋势基本一致。室内试验显示,覆盖银灰色和银黑色地膜还影响膜上成虫的活动,并对繁殖产生负面影响。与透明地膜相比,银灰色和银黑色地膜上的葱地种蝇成虫躁动不安,爬行和飞行活动发生率显著提高,单雌产卵量分别下降25.43%和22.38%,卵孵化率分别下降20.47%和11.15%,有效后代数量分别下降40.23%和30.18%,雌成虫寿命分别缩短2.13d和2.53d。综上所述,蒜田覆盖银灰色和银黑色地膜对葱地种蝇发生有明显的控制效果,对成虫的驱避作用以及对雌成虫繁殖力的影响是造成葱地种蝇种群数量减少的重要原因。Delia antiqua is a major underground pest in garlic production.To screen highly efficient colored plastic films in controlling Delia antiqua,the effects of mulching five different color films on the population change,adult selection,active characteristics and reproduction of D.antiqua were compared.The results showed that the population of D.antiqua in garlic field varied with film colors.Compared with the transparent film,the silver-gray and silver-black films significantly inhibited the D.antiqua occurrence,and the population quantity decreased by 69.31%and 42.08%,respectively.Blue and black films aggravated the occurrence of Delia antiqua,and the population quantity increased by 123.27%and 50.99%,respectively.The results of selective assay showed that silver-gray and silver-black films had obvious repellent effects on Delia antiqua.In garlic fields,the selection rates of D.antiqua when mulching with silver-gray and silver-black films were 5.93%and 10.61%,respectively,which were obviously lower than 17.11%for that of the transparent film.The results of the indoor selective assay were consistent with those in field experiments.Laboratory tests showed that the silver-gray and silver-black films also affected the activity of the adults on the mulching films and had a negative effect on fecundity.Compared with transparent film,the silver-gray and silver-black films significantly increased the frequencies of crawling and flying of the D.antiqua,and the number of eggs laid per female with silver-gray and silver-black film decreased by 25.43%and 22.38%,the egg hatching rates decreased by 20.47%and 11.15%,the numbers of effective offspring decreased by 40.23%and 30.18%,and the life of female adults reduced by 2.13 d and 2.53 d,respectively.To sum up,the silver-gray and silver-black films had obvious control effects on the occurrence of D.antiqua,and the repellent effect as well as its inhibition effect on fecundity on female adults was the important reasons for the decrease of D.antiqua in mulching garlic.

关 键 词：有色地膜 葱地种蝇 种群数量 驱避作用 繁殖 

分 类 号：S436.33[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]