对抗沉沦:陀思妥耶夫斯基小说《永远的丈夫》中的隐性叙事进程  

Confronting Degeneration: The Covert Narrative Progressions in Dostoevsky’s The Eternal Husband

作　　者：张变革[1] 任晓舜 Zhang Biange;Ren Xiaoshun

机构地区：[1]北京第二外国语学院欧洲学院 [2]首都师范大学外国语学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯文艺》2021年第2期16-25,共10页Russian Literature & Arts

基　　金：北京第二外国语学院研究生处科学研究重点项目“陀思妥耶夫斯基中篇小说《永远的丈夫》的叙事学解读”(2019GS14ZD05)成果;北京第二外国语学院博士生导师经费项目资助。

摘　　要：陀思妥耶夫斯基的中篇小说《永远的丈夫》中存在着显现情节和两条隐性叙事进程。以复仇为主题的显性情节发展背后,并行存在着另外两条贯穿全文的隐性叙事进程,分别指向情夫和丈夫曲折的精神上升运动,成为作家隐蔽的表意轨道。在显性情节中,作为感情受害者的丈夫报复情夫,对后者发起各种心理折磨,成为丑陋凶狠的施虐者;在第一个隐性进程中,情夫因昔日荒淫的生活给他人带来的痛苦而产生强烈的罪感,承受磨难并经受诱惑,显示出拒绝沉沦而不断上升的精神运动;在第二个隐性进程中,受害的丈夫通过对"顺从的人"和"凶狠的人"的拷问,完成了自我认知,回到他憧憬的道德生活中。两个隐性叙事进程相互补充,共同勾勒出主人公对抗沉沦的精神上升运动。三条并行的叙事运动既相互补充,又形成张力,共同揭示出小说的多重主题,指向不同读者,显示出小说文本丰富多层的内涵。In Dostoyevsky’s novella The Eternal Husband, there is an overt plot and two covert narrative progressions. Behind the development of the overt plot with revenge as the theme, there are two covert progressions that run through the full text. The latter point to the tortuous spiritual rising movement of the lover and the husband respectively, which are the writer’s hidden ideographic tracks and jointly revealed different themes. In the overt plot, the husband who is the victim of the relationship retaliates against the lover, initiating various psychological tortures on the latter, becoming an ugly and vicious abuser;in the first covert progression, the lover has a strong sense of guilt because of the pain he had brought to others by the dissolute life in the past, and suffers hardships and temptations, showing a rising spiritual movement that refuses to sink;in the second covert progression, the victimized husband completed his self-cognition and returned to his long-yearning moral life by interrogating the "obedient people" and "fierce people". The two covert narrative progressions complement each other and jointly outlined the protagonist’s spiritual ascent movement against sinking. The three parallel narrative movements not only complement each other, but also form tensions, jointly revealing the theme of the novella, pointing to different readers, and showing the rich and multi-layered connotation of the text.

关 键 词：陀思妥耶夫斯基 永远的丈夫 隐性叙事进程 

分 类 号：I512.074[文学—其他各国文学]