脑组织与其相关分析推断死亡时间的研究进展  

Research progress on postmortem interval inference by analysis of postmortem changes of brain tissues

作　　者：李琦[2] 赵建[1,2] 牛勇 Li Qi;Zhao Jian;Niu Yong(Faculty of Forensic Medicine,Zhongshan School of Medicine,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China;Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute&Key Laboratory of Forensic Pathology,Ministry of Public Security,Guangzhou 510442,China;Criminal Investigation Department,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100741,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市刑事科学技术研究所法医病理学公安部重点实验室,广东广州510442 [2]中山大学中山医学院法医学系,广东广州510080 [3]公安部刑事侦查局,北京100741

出　　处：《中国法医学杂志》2021年第2期144-147,153,共5页Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine

基　　金：公安部“双十计划”重点攻关项目(2019SSGG0403);公安部科技强警基础工作专项(2020GABJC38);广州市科技计划项目(2019030001;2019030012)。

摘　　要：推断死后间隔时间(postmortem interval, PMI)一直是法医学鉴定中需要解决的重要问题之一。可用于推断PMI的尸体检材有很多种,脑组织因其独特的解剖学位置与生理功能,是推断PMI的重要检材之一。本文从三个方面将根据脑组织推断PMI的方法进行综述,包括了通过脑组织的温度、形态特点等尸体现象推断PMI;通过死后脑脊液、脑组织的成分,如简单元素、小分子物质、蛋白质、DNA、RNA变化规律等生化改变推断PMI;通过脑组织、硬脑膜的生物力学特征、电学特性等物理特征推断PMI。虽然根据脑组织推断PMI的研究取得了较好的成果,但是由于PMI受到多种因素的影响,应用时仍需结合现场环境、案情等运用多种指标综合判断。本文综述了根据脑组织推断PMI的方法,旨在为法医学PMI推断提供参考。The estimation of postmortem interval(PMI) is one of the most important issues in forensic medical identification. Among the many human body tissues utilized to evaluate PMI in autopsy, the brain tissue is considered to be one of the most crucial human body tissues to infer the PMI due to its special property both physiologically and anatomically. This paper reviews the use of brain tissue to infer PMI from three aspects, including postmortem changes such as temperature and morphological features;biochemical changes in components of cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue after death such as rudimentary elements, small molecular substances, proteins, DNA, and RNA;physical traits such as biomechanical differences and electrical property in brain tissue and dura mater. Despite of the current promising progress, the application of using brain tissue in PMI estimation is still limited due to the unstable environment that affects PMI in multiple aspects and should be considered comprehensively utilizing as many as possible factors such as scene investigation, clues and cases for most accurate result. This paper reviews the existing methods of cerebral PMI inference aming to provide reference for forensic PMI inference.

关 键 词：法医病理学 死后间隔时间 脑组织 

分 类 号：DF795.2[医药卫生—法医学]