不同演替阶段的泥炭沼泽湿地土壤中重金属的测定与评价  

Assessment of Pollution Level and Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Different Succession Stages of Peat Bog Wetland Soil

作　　者：刘慧佳 徐建玲 马文[1] 马良 王汉席 潘谦博 何倩倩 罗逸鸥 陈朝煌 LIU Hui-Jia;XU Jian-Ling;MA Wen;MA Liang;WANG Han-Xi;PAN Qian-Bo;HE Qian-Qian;LUO Yi-Ou;CHEN Chao-Huang(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration,School of Environment,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130117,China;Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education,Institute of Grassland Science,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学环境学院,国家环境保护湿地生态与植被恢复重点实验室,长春130117 [2]东北师范大学草地科学研究所,植被生态学教育部重点实验室,长春130024

出　　处：《分析化学》2021年第5期839-846,I0014-I0017,共12页Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry

基　　金：吉林省科技厅项目(Nos.20180101092JC,20190303084SF);吉林省环保厅科研项目(No.2020-05)资助。

摘　　要：处于不同演替阶段的泥炭沼泽湿地土壤中重金属污染程度不同,对其进行测定与污染评价对于天然湿地的管理与保护具有重要意义。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)和原子荧光光度计(AFS)对吉林省通化市境内龙湾保护区中3个典型的具有不同演替阶段的泥炭沼泽湿地(孤山屯湿地、金川湿地和旱龙湾湿地)土壤中10种重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr、Mn、As、Se、Cd和Hg)含量进行测定,采用地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数进行污染评价,并通过相关分析和主成分分析探讨重金属来源。结果表明,金川湿地(演替时间较长)土壤中的Cu、Hg、Ni、Cr、Mn和As含量最高,旱龙湾湿地(演替时间最短)土壤中Zn、Pb、Cd和Se的含量最高。Cd和Hg的平均含量在3个湿地土壤中均超过环境背景值,Cd和Hg对生态风险具有最高的贡献率,可达90%以上。其中Cd在旱龙湾湿地污染水平最高,为中度至强污染;Hg在金川湿地污染水平最高,为无到中度污染。旱龙湾湿地潜在生态风险等级最高。Zn、Pb、Cd和Hg的来源不同于Cu和Mn,这可能受农业灌溉、生活排污、交通运输及自然沉降等因素影响。The heavy metal pollution of peat bog wetland in different succession stages is different,and the determination and evaluation of heavy metals in soil are conducive to the management and protection of natural wetland.In this work,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer,inductively coupled plasmon emission spectrometer and atomic fluorescence spectrometry were used to determine the ten heavy metals(Cu,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cr,Mn,As,Se,Cd and Hg)in the soil of three typical peat bog wetlands(Gushantun Wetland,Jinchuan Wetland and Hanlongwan Wetland)with different succession stages in the Longwan Nature Reserve of Tonghua City,Jilin Province,China.The geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index were used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution in wetland,and the source of heavy metals was explored through correlation analysis and principal component analysis.The results showed that the contents of Cu,Hg,Ni,Cr,Mn and As in the soil of Jinchuan Wetland with the longer succession time were the highest.The contents of Zn,Pb,Cd and Se in the soil of Hanlongwan Wetland with the shortest succession time were the highest.The average contents of Cd and Hg in the three wetland soils exceeded the environmental background value.The Cd and Hg had the highest contributions to ecological risk of wetland soil,and the contribution rate could reach more than 90%.Among them,the pollution level of Cd in Hanlongwan Wetland was the highest,which was moderately to strongly polluted.The Hg had the highest pollution level in the Jinchuan Wetland,which was unpolluted to moderately polluted.The potential ecological risk level of the Hanlongwan Wetland was the highest.The sources of Zn,Pb,Cd and Hg were different from Cu and Mn,which might be affected by the factors such as agricultural irrigation,domestic sewage discharge,transportation,natural settlement,etc.

关 键 词：电感耦合等离子体质谱仪 电感耦合等离子体发射光谱 泥炭沼泽 湿地 重金属 

分 类 号：X833[环境科学与工程—环境工程]