高效分解钾长石细菌的分离筛选及解钾工艺优化  

Selection of High-Efficiency Potassium-Dissolving Strains and Optimization of the Potassium-Dissolving Process

作　　者：薛永萍 肖春桥[3] 张琰图 池汝安[1] XUE Yong-ping;XIAO Chun-qiao;ZHANG Yan-tu;CHI Ru-an(School of Xingfa Mining Engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430073,Hubei,China;School of Telecommunication and Information Engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430073,Hubei,China;School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,Hubei,China;College of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering,Yan′an University,Yan′an 716000,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学兴发矿业学院,湖北武汉430073 [2]武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院,湖北武汉430073 [3]武汉工程大学环境生态与生物工程学院,湖北武汉430205 [4]延安大学化学与化工学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《矿冶工程》2021年第2期70-74,共5页Mining and Metallurgical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51674178);国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1801800)。

摘　　要：通过富集、分离纯化培养,从矿区土壤中分离、筛选得到一株可分解钾矿的细菌JX-5,以提取矿物中的难效钾,进而解决土壤中可溶性钾资源匮乏的问题。通过16S rRNA基因测序,JX-5菌株被鉴定为巨大芽胞杆菌,革兰氏呈阴性。探讨了培养温度、时间及转速、初始pH值、矿粉浓度及粒度、接种量和硫酸铵浓度对JX-5菌株解钾能力的影响。结果表明,JX-5菌株溶解钾矿的最佳工艺条件为:培养温度28℃、时间12 d、转速170 r/min,培养基pH值7.0~8.0,钾长石浓度2 g/L、粒度0.03~0.04 mm,接种量25%,硫酸铵浓度0.2~0.3 g/L。在此条件下,钾浸出率可达20.79%。JX-5菌能有效溶解钾矿,具有较强的解钾能力。A bacterium JX-5 was obtained after separation and selection through enrichment and purification from the mine soil,which could be used to dissolve potassium feldspar,so as to extract the undisolvable potassium therein.As a result,the problem of lacking dissolvable potassium resources in the soils could be solved.By using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing,JX-5 strain was identified as a kind of gram-negative bacillus megaterium.The influences of temperature,time,rotating speed and the initial pH for incubation,as well as concentration and grain size of the powdered potassium feldspar,inoculation volume and the ammonium sulfate concentration on the ability of the JX-5 strain to dissolve potassium were all investigated.The results show that the leaching rate of potassiumc can reach 20.79%by using JX-5 strain optimally in a 12-day culture at the temperature of 28℃,with the rotation speed of 170 r/min,an initial pH value of 7.0~8.0,and 2 g/L potassium feldspar with grain size of 0.03~0.04 mm at an amount of inoculation of 25%,and 0.2~0.3 g/L ammonium sulfate.It is concluded that JX-5 bacteria,with strong potassium-dissolving capacity,can make potassium ore effectively dissolved.

关 键 词：钾长石 钾 难效钾 速效钾 细菌浸出 解钾细菌 分离筛选 鉴定 工艺优化 

分 类 号：TD925[矿业工程—选矿]