含硅负极在硫化物全固态电池中的应用  

Application of Si-based anodes in sulfide solid-state batteries

作　　者：闫汶琳 吴凡 李泓[1,2,3,4] 陈立泉[1,2,3,4] YAN Wenlin;WU Fan;LI Hong;CHEN Liquan(Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies;Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center,Liyang 213300,Jiangsu,China;Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy,Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices,Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics,Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]天目湖先进储能技术研究院 [2]中国科学院物理所长三角研究中心,江苏溧阳213300 [3]中国科学院物理研究所,清洁能源实验室,北京市新能源材料与器件重点实验室,凝聚态物理国家实验室,北京100190 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《储能科学与技术》2021年第3期821-835,共15页Energy Storage Science and Technology

基　　金：江苏省科技厅重点研发计划重点项目(BE2020003);国家自然科学基金重点项目-汽车联合基金(U1964205);国家自然科学基金项目(51972334);北京市自然科学基金面上项目(2202058);中国科学院海外杰出人才引进计划,中科院物理所长三角物理研究中心和天目湖先进储能技术研究院“科学家工作室”研发项目(TIESSS0001)。

摘　　要：硫化物固态电解质具有超高离子电导率和优良力学性能,是实现全固态电池最有希望的技术路线之一。为进一步提高硫化物全固态电池的能量密度,促进其应用,理论比容量接近石墨10倍(3759 mA·h/g)的硅负极材料具有极佳的应用前景。并且Si负极和硫化物固态电解质结合,可规避Si负极在液态电池中重复生成固态电解质界面层(SEI)的问题,充分发挥Si负极的高容量,同时利用硫化物较好的力学性能缓冲硅负极巨大的体积膨胀,改善固固接触,促进离子扩散,有望实现高能量密度电池的长效循环。虽然含Si负极硫化物全固态电池极具实用前景,但是目前研究尚处于起步阶段,缺少成熟有效的表征手段和对基础科学问题的深入理解,全电池性能较差、容量衰减过快、比能量还有很大提升空间。为加速推进含Si负极硫化物全固态电池的研究进程,本文总结了近年来该领域的相关工作,分类论述了3种类型的含Si负极硫化物全固态电池(粉饼电池、湿法涂覆电池、薄膜电池),综合分析了影响其性能的关键因素,并阐明通过减小Si的颗粒尺寸、外加应力、设置合适的截止电压、调控硫化物电解质的杨氏模量等手段可以有效优化含Si负极硫化物全固态电池的性能。最后,本文分析了目前该领域面临的问题和挑战,指出未来发展趋势。Sulfide is one of the most promising solid electrolytes to realize all-solid-state batteries for its superior ionic conductivity and excellent mechanical properties.The Si-based anode with a high theoretical specific capacity(3759 mA·h/g,~10 times that of graphite)is a promising candidate to further increase the energy density of sulfide all-solid-state for wide applications.Moreover,the combination of Si-based anode and sulfide solid electrolyte can be used to improve the interfacial solid-solid contact and ion transportation using mechanically soft sulfides to accommodate huge volume expansion of silicon-based anodes,thus achieving a high capacity and suppressing repetitive the solid-electrolyte-interphase formation to realize long-cycle high-energy density batteries.However,despite the promising advantages of Sibased anode sulfide all-solid-state batteries,effective characterization methods and in-depth understanding of basic scientific issues in this field are still missing,presenting poor fullbattery performance,fast decay of capacity,and low energy density.This paper summarizes the related work/progress in this field and elaborates the three types of Si-based anode sulfide all-solid-state batteries(pellet,wet coating,and thin film).Moreover,the key factors influencing battery performances,such as Si particle size,external stress,appropriate cut-off voltage,and Young's modulus of sulfide electrolytes,are comprehensively analyzed.Finally,the current problems and challenges in this field are proposed for its benign development in the future.

关 键 词：硫化物 固态电解质 含硅负极 全固态电池 

分 类 号：O643[理学—物理化学]