樟树溃疡病原菌生物学特性及室内毒力测定  

Studies on biological characteristics of a Camphor tree canker pathogen(Neofusicoccum Parvum)and fungicide laboratory toxicity

作　　者：吴松 陈全助[2] 张晓阳 王美鑫 林曦碧 宋漳[1] WU Song;CHEN Quanzhu;ZHANG Xiaoyang;WANG Meixin;LIN Xibi;SONG Zhang(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Jinshan College,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Forest Pest Management and Quarantine Station of Mingxi County,Mingxi,Fujian 365200,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学金山学院,福建福州350002 [3]明溪县森林病虫害防治检疫站,福建明溪365200

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2021年第3期308-317,共10页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：福建省科技厅项目(K1518090A,K1518075A);清流县林业有害生物普查项目(KH1501270);福建农林大学科技创新专项(CXZX2017121,CXZX2017501);福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT191131);福建农林大学金山学院科研启动经费(Z150702)。

摘　　要：为明确福建省樟树溃疡病病菌JY-5(Neofusicoccum parvum)的生物学特性,筛选有效的化学杀菌剂,测定了病原菌的生物学特性,并进行了12种化学杀菌剂对病原菌的毒力以及室内盆栽药效试验。研究结果表明,JY-5菌株在PDA培养基上生长最旺盛,孢子萌发率最高,其次是PSA,且两者之间无显著性差异。最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为蛋白胨和牛肉浸膏,最适pH值为6~8,最适温度为30℃,致死温度为50℃,最适光照条件为全光照培养。分生孢子萌发需要高湿度条件,在水滴中6 h萌发率达到89.33%。毒力测定结果显示,菌落抑制效果最好的为精甲·咯菌腈(EC90=0.129 mg·L^(-1)),其次是戊唑醇(EC90=0.151 mg·L^(-1))、氟硅唑(EC90=0.176 mg·L^(-1)),效果最差的药剂为啶酰菌胺(EC90=55309.942 mg·L^(-1))。盆栽药效试验结果显示,相同的药剂预防作用明显大于治疗作用,且随着药剂浓度的提高而增加。精甲·咯菌腈(400 mg·L^(-1))的保护和治疗效果为最佳,抑制率分别为92.44%和87.50%。The biological characteristics of Camphor tree canker pathogen JY-5(Neofusicoccum Parvum),the virulence of 12 chemical fungicides,and a laboratory efficacy test for potted plants were determined to clarify the pathogen′s characteristics and screen for effective chemical fungicides.The JY-5 strain had the most vigorous growth and highest spore germination rate on a potato dextrose agar medium,followed by pea sucrose agar,with no significant difference between them.The most suitable carbon source was glucose,and the most suitable nitrogen sources were peptone and beef extract.The optimum pH value was 6~8,the optimum temperature was 30℃,the lethal temperature was 50℃,and the optimum light condition was a full light culture.Conidia germination requires high humidity,and its rate in water drops reached 89.33%after 6 hours.The virulence test results showed that the best colony inhibition effect was metalaxyl-M fludioxonil(EC90=0.129 mg·L^(-1)),followed by tebuconazole(EC90=0.151 mg·L^(-1)),and flusilazole(EC90=0.176 mg·L^(-1));the least effective agent was boscalid(EC90=55309.942 mg·L^(-1)).The pot experiment results showed that the preventive effect of the same agent was significantly greater than that of the treatment and increased with an increase in the agent concentration.The protective and therapeutic effects of fludioxonil(400 mg·L^(-1))were optimum,with inhibition rates of 92.44%and 87.50%,respectively.

关 键 词：樟树溃疡病 小新壳梭孢 生物学特性 毒力测定 

分 类 号：S763.15[农业科学—森林保护学]