基于Grimm180粒子仪对塔克拉玛干沙漠沙尘暴的定量观测  

Quantitative Detection of Dust Storms with the Grimm180 Particle Monitor in the Taklimakan Desert

作　　者：明虎 王敏仲[1] 刘新春 杨慧娟 MING Hu;WANG Minzhong;LIU Xinchun;YANG Huijuan(Institute of Desert Meteorology,Chinese Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China;School of Electrical&Electronic Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China;The Northwest Regional Air Traffic Administration Bureau,Civil Aviation Administration of China,Xi忆an 710082,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]山东理工大学电气与电子工程学院,山东淄博255000 [3]中国民用航空西北地区空中交通管理局,陕西西安710082

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2021年第2期26-33,共8页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41775030);新疆天山青年计划项目(2017Q042)。

摘　　要：为了得到沙尘粒子和沙尘质量浓度的实时定量特征,利用Grimm180粒子仪在塔克拉玛干沙漠对沙尘暴进行了实时观测。通过分析Grimm180粒子仪在2018年5月20日和24日两次沙尘暴过程观测的数据得到:在浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴期间,PM_(2.5)的质量浓度值随时间变化不大,一般PM_(2.5)浓度值<1500μg·m^(-3),而PM_(10)在不同阶段的变化比较明显,数值在2000~6000μg·m^(-3)。沙尘粒子谱和沙尘质量浓度谱的分布形状在浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴基本相同,当粒子直径>0.35μm时,粒子数浓度随直径的增大近似符合M-P分布。从浮尘到扬沙再到沙尘暴,小粒子区(D≤1μm)的占比越来越小,而中粒子区(1μm10μm)的粒子数越来越多并且占比越来越大。当粒子直径为0.35μm左右时,粒子数浓度达到最大值;当粒子直径在25~32μm时,沙尘质量浓度的值最大。在浮尘和扬沙阶段,PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)>25%;每分钟1 L体积内的沙尘粒子总数大约是4×10^(5),最大沙尘质量浓度<20μg·L^(-1)。在沙尘暴阶段,PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)<15%;每分钟1 L体积内的沙尘粒子总数>5×10^(5),最大沙尘质量浓度>25μg·L^(-1)。这些结论为准确地分析沙尘暴的定量特征提供了科学依据。In order to obtain the real time quantitative characters of dust particles and dust mass concentration,the Grimm180 particle monitor was used to observe the dust storms in the Taklimakan Desert.Through analyzing the data detected by Grimm180 particle instrument on May 20 th and May24 th,2018,the results showed that:during the period of floating dust,blowing sand and dust storm periods,the mass concentration of PM2.5,which generally was less than 1500μg·m^(-3),didn′t change obviously;while the mass concentration of PM10 changed obviously in different periods,between2000μg·m^(-3)and 6000μg·m^(-3).The distributions shapes of the dust particles spectrum and dust mass concentration spectrum were consistent in the floating dust,blowing sand and dust storm periods;when the particles’diameter(D)was larger than 0.35μm,the distributions of dust particle conformed to M-P basically.From floating dust to blowing sand and then to dust storm,the proportion of small particle area(D≤1μm)was smaller and smaller,while that of medium particle area(1<D≤10μm)and large particle area(D>10μm)was more and more.When the diameter of particle was 0.35μm,the particle number was the largest;whereas,when the diameter of particle was within 25-32μm,the particle mass concentration was the maximum.In the floating dust and blowing sand,the PM2.5/PM10 was larger than25%;also,the sum of particles were about 4×10^(5)and the largest mass concentration was less than 20μg in 1 L per minute.In dust storm period,the PM2.5/PM10 was less than 15%;also,the sum of particles were larger than 5×10^(5)and the largest mass concentration was larger than 25μg in 1 L per minute.These conclusions provide a scientific basis for accurate analysis of the quantitative characteristics of dust storms.

关 键 词：沙尘粒子谱 沙尘质量浓度 Grimm180粒子仪 塔克拉玛干沙漠 

分 类 号：P425.55[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]