不同灌溉方式对优质晚籼稻颖花分化与退化和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Spikelet Differentiatiation and Degeneration and Yield of High Quality Lateindica Rice

作　　者：解嘉鑫 熊若愚 陈丽明 蒋海燕[1] 谭雪明[1] 曾勇军[1] 石庆华[1] 潘晓华[1] 曾研华[1] XIE Jiaxin;XIONG Ruoyu;CHEN Liming;JIANG Haiyan;TAN Xueming;ZENG Yongjun;SHI Qinghua;PAN Xiaohua;ZENG Yanhua(Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education/Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/双季稻现代化生产协同创新中心,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2021年第2期235-243,共9页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300501);江西省重点研发计划项目(2017BBF60030);江西省水利厅科技项目(201820YBKT24);江西省水稻产业技术体系专项(JXARS-02-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】水分管理影响着水稻的颖花分化与产量形成,旨在研究不同水分灌溉方式对南方优质晚籼稻稻穗枝梗和颖花发育特性及产量形成的影响。【方法】以优质籼稻泰优871和非优质籼稻荣优华占(对照)为试验材料,设置常规灌溉(CK)、持续淹水灌溉(CFI)和间歇灌溉(AWD)3种灌溉方式,测定水分灌溉、颖花发育、产量形成等指标。【结果】与CK相比,AWD显著增加供试品种水分利用效率,CFI则显著降低;CFI和AWD处理均提高了供试品种产量,但CFI与AWD差异不显著,品种间趋势一致,CFI增产趋势与有效穗数与每穗粒数提高有关,而AWD增产则是来自每穗粒数和结实率协同提高。从稻穗枝梗和颖花发育特性来看,相比CK、AWD,CFI有利于提高稻穗颖花分化数,主要是因为枝梗与颖花分化较高,且退化较低,其中泰优871品种一次颖花分化差异显著;AWD相比CK尽管总颖花分化数差异不显著,但可显著减少颖花退化。不同灌溉方式对供试品种二次枝梗及颖花分化影响要大于一次枝梗及颖花,CFI相对增加两品种不同部位一次枝梗上二次枝梗与颖花分化数,且主要体现在稻穗中上部枝梗。【结论】间歇灌溉有利于提高水分利用效率,间歇灌溉与持续淹水灌溉可增加水稻产量,但为增加稻穗枝梗和颖花分化,形成大穗,促进水稻高产高效生产,应注意水稻幼穗分化期采用浅层淹水灌溉。[Objective]Water management affects spikelet differentiation and yield formationin of rice.The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different irrigation methods on the development characteristics of panicle branches,spikelets and yield formation in high quality late rice.[Method]Three irrigation methods,namely conventional irrigation(CK),continuous flooding irrigation(CFI)and alternate wetting and drying irrigation(AWD),were set up with a high quality indica rice Taiyou 871 and poor quality indica rice Rongyouhuazhan for control as experimental materials,and the water management,spikelet differentiation and yield formation were determined[Result]Compared with CK,AWD significantly increased water use efficiency of the tested varieties,but that was significantly decreased in CFI;both CFI and AWD treatments increased the rice grain yield of the varieties,but there was no significant difference between CFI and AWD.The yield increasing of CFI was related to productive panicles and spikelets per panicle,while that of AWD was due to the increasing of spikelets per panicle and seed setting rate.From the development characteristics of rice panicle branches and spikelets,compared with CK and AWD,CFI was beneficial for increasing the number of spikelet differentiation of panicles with a significant difference in the spikelet differentiation of primary branch inTaiyou 871,because the differentaton of branches and spikelets was higher and the degeneration of spikelets was lower.AWD could significantly reduce spikelet degeneration compared with CK,although the difference in total spikelet differentiation was not significant.The effects of different irrigation methods on the branches and spikelet differentiation of the varieties were greater in the secondary panicle than those in primary panicle.and CFI relatively increased the number of secondary branches and spikelet differentiation of the middle and upper primary branches of the rice panicle.[Conclusion]AWD was beneficial for improving water use efficiency,and b

关 键 词：灌溉方式 晚籼稻 水分利用效率 产量 颖花分化与退化 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]