复合肥和微量元素配施对云南松幼林生长的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Compound Fertilizer and Trace Elements on the Growth of Juvenile Pinus yunnanensis Forest

作　　者：彭思华 王慷林 李莲芳 高誉衡 付志高 王凯 张青青 杨永洁 沈松 杨历雨 吴俊多 郑川玲 PENG Sihua;WANG Kanglin;LI Lianfang;GAO Yuheng;FU Zhigao;WANG Kai;ZHANG Qingqing;YANG Yongjie;SHEN Song;YANG Liyu;WU Junduo;ZHENG Chuanling(College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2021年第2期322-330,共9页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0600504-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨复合肥和微量元素配施对云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)幼林生长的影响,为云南松幼林施肥提供技术支撑。【方法】采用U*15(157)均匀设计,开展复合肥、氮、磷、镁和硼肥不同水平及其组合对8年生云南松幼林生长影响的试验。【结果】(1)施肥后1.5 a时,胸径、树高和材积增长率分别达23.5%~50.3%、18.0%~31.4%和75.3%~159.3%,均高于对照的22.4%、14.8%和67.3%。处理组合间,除施肥后0.5a的树高增长率外,施肥后0.5、0.5~1.5 a和总的胸径、树高和材积增长率均呈现极显著的差异(P<0.01)。(2)施肥后0.5和1.5 a 2次测定时,影响以上3个指标增长率的主导因子呈现动态变化,其中,施肥后0.5 a时,影响胸径和树高增长率的主导因子分别是磷和镁肥,施肥后0.5~1.5 a和总的为硼和磷肥,影响材积的主导因子与胸径的相一致。(3)因素的水平间,①除0.5~1.5 a期间复合肥和镁肥外,其余肥料种类的不同水平都对胸径和材积增长率产生极显著的差异影响(P<0.01);②树高仅尿素和磷肥对0.5~1.5 a期间和总的增长率产生极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)的差异影响,即云南松幼林施肥对胸径和材积生长的促进效果优于树高的。(4)复合肥、磷和镁、硼肥分别为0.53,0.10 kg/cm和2.50,0.50 g/cm配施可加速云南松幼林生长,极大提高林分蓄积量。【结论】多种肥料配施可极显著的促进云南松幼林生长,最优配方在施肥后1.5 a时,单位面积蓄积量可达对照的2.0倍以上。此外,土壤缺磷的云南松林区,增施磷肥对云南松林木生长极其重要;尿素抑制其胸径生长,但促进树高生长。[Objective]The effects of compound fertilizer and microelements on the growth of a juvenile Pinus yunnanensis plantation were studied,which provided technical support for fertilization for juvenile P.yunnanensis forests.[Method]The U*15(157)uniform design was employed to implement the trial of effects of different levels of compound fertilizer(CF),nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),magnesium(Mg)and boron(B)and their treatment combinations(TCs),on the growth of a 8-year-old juvenile P.yunnanensis plantation[.Result](1)At 1.5 years after fertilization,the growth rates of diameters at breast height(DBHs),tree heights(THs)and timber volumes(TVs)were 23.5%-50.3%,18.0%-31.4%and 75.3%-159.3%,respectively,which were higher than 22.4%,14.8%and 67.3%of the control.Except for the growth rate of the THs at 0.5 year after fertilization,there were significant differences between the TCs of the DBHs,THs and TVs(P<0.01).(2)The measurement at 0.5 and 1.5 years after fertilization showed that the dominant factors affecting the growth rates of the above three parameters showed dynamic changes,among them,the dominant factors affecting the growth rates of the DBH and THs were P and Mg fertilizers for 0.5 year after fertilized,respectively;while B and P fertilizers were the dominant factors affecting those of the DBH and THs during 0.5-1.5 year and total growth rates after fertilization,and the dominant factors affecting volume were consistent with those of the DBH.(3)Between the levels of factors,①except for the CF and M fertilizers during 0.5-1.5 years,the growth rates of the DBHs and TVs were significantly affected by different levels of other fertilizers(P<0.01);②only urea and P fertilizer had significantly different influences on the growth rates in the 0.5-1.5 period after fertilized(P<0.01)and those of total(P<0.01)and significant effect(P<0.05),in terms of that the effect of fertilization on the DBH and TV was better than that of the TH for juvenile P.yunnanensis forests.(4)The TCs of CF,P,Mg and B fertilizers were 0.53,0.10 kg/cm,

关 键 词：云南松 均匀试验 复合肥 微量元素 生长指标 

分 类 号：S791.257[农业科学—林木遗传育种]