江西武夷山南方铁杉更新林与成熟林群落结构特征比较  

Community Structure of Tsuga chinensis var.tchekiangensis Regenerating Stand and Mature Stand in Wuyishan Mountain in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：石雪云 兰文军 雷平 宋庆妮[1] 刘骏[1] 曾小霞 文仁权 杨清培[1] SHI Xueyun;LAN Wenjun;LEI Ping;SONG Qingni;LIU Jun;ZENG Xiaoxia;WEN Renquan;YANG Qingpei(Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resource and Utilization,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Jiangxi Wuyishan National Nature Reserve Administration,Yanshan,Jiangxi 334500,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学江西省竹子种质资源与利用重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [2]江西武夷山国家级自然保护区管理局,江西铅山334500

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2021年第2期331-342,共12页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41807028);中央财政林业国家级自然保护区补助资金项目(2015)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解珍稀植物南方铁杉(Tsuga chinensis var.tchekiangensis)在不同发育阶段的群落结构与更新特征,为该物种的保护提供参考。【方法】在江西武夷山自然保护区选取南方铁杉更新林、成熟林2种典型林分,比较二者的物种组成、种群年龄结构、群落垂直结构和径级结构、空间单元结构、物种多样性、蓄积量等数量特征。【结果】(1)更新林和成熟林物种组成差异明显,分别为27科45属68种、22科35属52种,其中,更新林的重要物种为南方铁杉、江南山柳(Clethra cavaleriei)、满山红(Rhododendron mariesii)、雷公鹅耳枥(Carpinus viminea)等,成熟林的重要物种为南方铁杉、猴头杜鹃(Rhododendron simiarum)、柳杉(Cryptomeria fortunei)、岩柃(Eurya saxicola)等。(2)更新林和成熟林均能完成自我更新,南方铁杉种群年龄结构分别呈倒“T”型和“沙漏”型,前者南方铁杉的幼苗数量是后者的2.6倍左右。(3)垂直结构和径级结构均呈倒“J”型,成熟林中第Ⅷ径级以上的植株数量约为更新林的2.5倍。(4)更新林乔木层和灌木层的混交度均大于成熟林,而角尺度、大小比数小于成熟林。(5)更新林乔木层和灌木层的物种丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数等均大于成熟林。(6)更新林蓄积量为268.3 m^(3)/hm^(2),成熟林为533.4 m^(3)/hm^(2);成熟林南方铁杉的蓄积量远高于更新林,分别为268.6 m^(3)/hm^(2)和64.8 m^(3)/hm^(2)。【结论】从更新林发育至成熟林南方铁杉均可完成自然更新,但后者幼苗幼树相对较少,同时,群落结构变得简单化,物种多样性下降,但活立木蓄积量却大大增加。[Objective]Understanding the community structure and regeneration state of rare plant Tsuga chinensis var.tchekiangensis at different developmental stages can provide reference to the protection and development work of this valuable and rare species.[Method]Based on the typical surveys,we established and researched a regenerating stand and a mature stand in Jiangxi Wuyishan National Nature Reserve,species composition,age structure of population,vertical structure and diameter class structure of community,spatial cell structure,species diversity and characteristic of stand volume were compared after that.[Result]The results were as follow.(1)The species composition of the two stands show differences.There were 68 species belonging to 45 genera and 27 families in regenerating stand and 52 species of belonging to 35 genera and 22 families in mature stand,respectively.The dominant species of regenerating stand were T.chinensis var.tchekiangensis,Clethra cavaleriei,Rhododendron mariesii and Carpinus viminea.But the mature stand were T.chinensis var.tchekiangensis,Rhododendron simiarum,Cryptomeria fortunei and Eurya saxicola.(2)The regenerating stand and the mature stand both could self-renew.The age structure of T.chinensis var.tchekiangensis in the former was inverted“T”and“hourglass”in the latter.The number of seedlings of T.chinensis var.tchekiangensis in the former is about 2.6 times that of the latter.(3)The vertical structure and diameter class structure were all“J”in regenerating stand and mature stand.The number of individual above eight diameter class in mature stand was about 2.5 times than that in the regenerating stand(.4)The mingling of the tree layer and shrub layer in regenerating stand were greater than that of the mature stand,but the angle index and dominance index were less than that of the mature stand.(5)The species richness、Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index of the tree layer and shrub layer in regenerating stand were greater than that of the mature stand.(6)There still much space f

关 键 词：南方铁杉 群落结构特征 更新林 成熟林 蓄积量 武夷山 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]