新冠肺炎疫情下进口限制措施对农业贸易的影响与思考  

Impact of import restriction measures on agricultural trade under the COVID-19 pandemic

作　　者：朱晶[1,2] 张瑞 张瑞华 谢超平 杨静 ZHU Jing;ZHANG Rui;ZHANG Ruihua

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院,南京210095 [2]南京农业大学中国粮食安全研究中心,南京210095 [3]农业农村部农业贸易促进中心,北京100125

出　　处：《世界农业》2021年第5期4-15,126,共13页World Agriculture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“健全对外开放下的国家粮食安全保障体系研究”(20ZDA102)。

摘　　要：新冠肺炎疫情全球大流行给世界经济贸易的发展带来强烈冲击。然而部分国家借疫情之名,实施保护主义,阻碍了全球农产品的正常流通。本文通过全面梳理和分析疫情期间全球农产品进口限制措施,发现一些国家为应对疫情冲击和保护本国农业生产所采取的部分进口限制措施,并不符合《非关税措施的国际分类》《关税贸易总协定》(GATT)和《实施动植物卫生和检疫措施协定》(《SPS协定》)中相关条例,具有较强的贸易保护主义色彩,其合理性有待进一步商榷。根据以往经验,贸易保护主义不可能从根本上解决此次由于疫情引起的全球危机,反而会加剧全球农业经济和贸易的萎缩。受进口限制措施的影响,中国农产品贸易也呈现出大幅下滑态势。鉴于新冠肺炎疫情的常态化发展,加之逆全球化声浪的不断提高,各国应加强合作,在满足合理诉求的情况下,对农产品贸易采取限制程度最低的措施,保障全球农产品贸易畅通。The global pandemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia has a strong impact on the growth of world economy and trade.However,some countries implemented protectionism in the name of the COVID-19 during the period,which hindered the normal circulation of global agricultural products.Through a comprehensive analysis of global agricultural import restrictions during the pandemic,we find that some import restriction measures adopted by countries to cope with the impact of epidemic situation to protect their agricultural production do not comply with the International Classification of Non-Tariff Measures.Furthermore,the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade(GATT)and phytosanitary measures(SPS Agreement),which has a strong trade protectionism and rationality needs further discussion.According to past experience,trade protectionism cannot fundamentally solve the global crisis caused by pandemic,but will aggravate the shrinking of the global agricultural economy and trade.Affected by import restrictions,China’s agricultural trade also showed a sharp decline.In view of the normal development of the COVID-19 virus and the continuous improvement of anti-globalization,International community should adopt strengthen cooperation and adopt the least restrictive measures on agricultural trade to ensure the smooth global agricultural trade.

关 键 词：新冠肺炎疫情 农产品贸易 进口限制 合理性 贸易保护主义 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]